Where the RNA polymerase and the newly formed mRNA are released.

Terminator site

Enzymes that assemble the nucleotides of DNA into chains.

DNA polymerase

Formation of protein from the genetic information contained in mRNA

Translation

Formation of mRNA from the genetic information contained in DNA

Transcription

Enzymes that bind short strands of DNA together into longer strands.

DNA ligases

Where transcription begins on mRNA.

Promoter site

ii A sequence of three bases coding for the position of an amino acid in the assembly of a protein chain.

Codon

A cluster of related genes together with a operator and promoter sites on mRNA.

Operon

A sequence of three bases on tRNA that locates the codon on the mRNA at the ribosome.

Anticodon

A sequence of bases that does not code for an amino acid, but that terminates the protein or polypeptide chain.

Stop codon

DNA region of eukaryotic cell that is expressed.

Exon

iii. The actual template upon which the protein or polypeptide chain is assembled.

mRNA

The product of transcription.

mRNA

One of these is specific for each of the 20 amino acids.

tRNA

The original genetic information in a bacteria cell.

DNA

Relaxes supercoiling ahead of the replication fork.

DNA gyrase

Unwinds double-stranded DNA.

Helicase

Stops protein synthesis after transcription has occurred.

miRNA

iv. The probability of a gene mutation each time a cell divides.

Mutation rate

Usually a result of the deletion or addition of a base pair.

Frameshift mutation

A mutation caused by a chemical that is structurally similar to nucleotide components such as adenine or thymine.

Nucleotide-analog type of mutagen

A mutagen that would, for example, make the base adenine pair with cytosine instead of thymine.

Base pair type of mutagen

v. DNA transferred between cells in solution in the suspending medium.

Transformation in bacteria

Requires contact between living cells of opposite bacteria mating types.

Conjugation in bacteria

Requires a sex pilus

Conjugation in bacteria

Hfr cells

Conjugation in bacteria

The method by which plasmids such as F factors are transferred between cells.

Conjugation in bacteria

Turns genes off by methylating certain nucleotides.

Epigenic control

vi. Contain genes coding for enzymes that catabolize unusual sugars for hydrocarbons, for example.

Dissimilation plasmids

Contain genes for synthesis of toxic proteins lethal for other bacteria.

Bacteriocinogenic plasmids

v ii. Ultraviolet light

Nonionizing radiation

In the operon model, the place on the mRNA at which the repressor binds to prevent transcription of structural genes into a protein.

Operator

In the operon model, the regulator gene codes for a protein of this name.

Repressor

X ray

Ionizing radiation

viii. In replicating a strand of DNA, where adenine is on the original strand, there will be this on the new strand.

Thymine

When a strand of mRNA is made from DNA, this is found where adenine is located on the original DNA.

Transposons

A nutritional mutant.

Auxotroph

In the Ames test, the Salmonella bacterium has lost the ability to synthesize this.

Histidine

Small segments of DNA that can move from one region of the chromosome to another.

Transposons

Colonies growing on a master plate containing a complete medium can be transferred simultaneously to minimal medium by the _________ technique.

Replica Plating

A segment of DNA that codes for functional product is a(n) _______.

Gene

The site at which the replicating DNA strands separate is called the __________.

Replication fork

The organisms entire genetic potential is the _________.

Genotype

A cell with a cell wall permeable to a soluble DNA is ___________.

Competent

Bacteria that have the F factor integrated into their chromosome and that tend to transfer F factor and chromes together are called _________ cells.

Hfr

Enzymes that are always present in the cytoplasm are called ___________ enzymes.

Constitutive

Some R factors have a set of genes called the r-determinant that codes for resistance, and another set of genes called the ___________ that codes for replication and conjugation.

Resistance transfer

A bacterial virus is known, for short, as a(n) ____________.

Phage