Microbiology: Chapter 8 MICRO Flashcards

Where the RNA polymerase and the newly formed mRNA are released.

Enzymes that assemble the nucleotides of DNA into chains.

Formation of protein from the genetic information contained in mRNA

Formation of mRNA from the genetic information contained in DNA

Enzymes that bind short strands of DNA together into longer strands.

Where transcription begins on mRNA.

ii A sequence of three bases coding for the position of an amino acid in the assembly of a protein chain.

A cluster of related genes together with a operator and promoter sites on mRNA.

A sequence of three bases on tRNA that locates the codon on the mRNA at the ribosome.

A sequence of bases that does not code for an amino acid, but that terminates the protein or polypeptide chain.

DNA region of eukaryotic cell that is expressed.

iii. The actual template upon which the protein or polypeptide chain is assembled.

The product of transcription.

One of these is specific for each of the 20 amino acids.

The original genetic information in a bacteria cell.

Relaxes supercoiling ahead of the replication fork.

Unwinds double-stranded DNA.

Stops protein synthesis after transcription has occurred.

iv. The probability of a gene mutation each time a cell divides.

Usually a result of the deletion or addition of a base pair.

A mutation caused by a chemical that is structurally similar to nucleotide components such as adenine or thymine.

A mutagen that would, for example, make the base adenine pair with cytosine instead of thymine.

v. DNA transferred between cells in solution in the suspending medium.

Requires contact between living cells of opposite bacteria mating types.

Requires a sex pilus

Hfr cells

The method by which plasmids such as F factors are transferred between cells.

Turns genes off by methylating certain nucleotides.

vi. Contain genes coding for enzymes that catabolize unusual sugars for hydrocarbons, for example.

Contain genes for synthesis of toxic proteins lethal for other bacteria.

v ii. Ultraviolet light

In the operon model, the place on the mRNA at which the repressor binds to prevent transcription of structural genes into a protein.

In the operon model, the regulator gene codes for a protein of this name.

X ray

viii. In replicating a strand of DNA, where adenine is on the original strand, there will be this on the new strand.

When a strand of mRNA is made from DNA, this is found where adenine is located on the original DNA.

A nutritional mutant.

In the Ames test, the Salmonella bacterium has lost the ability to synthesize this.

Small segments of DNA that can move from one region of the chromosome to another.

Colonies growing on a master plate containing a complete medium can be transferred simultaneously to minimal medium by the _________ technique.

A segment of DNA that codes for functional product is a(n) _______.

The site at which the replicating DNA strands separate is called the __________.

The organisms entire genetic potential is the _________.

A cell with a cell wall permeable to a soluble DNA is ___________.

Bacteria that have the F factor integrated into their chromosome and that tend to transfer F factor and chromes together are called _________ cells.

Enzymes that are always present in the cytoplasm are called ___________ enzymes.

Some R factors have a set of genes called the r-determinant that codes for resistance, and another set of genes called the ___________ that codes for replication and conjugation.

A bacterial virus is known, for short, as a(n) ____________.