The simplest collection of matter

Cell

Type of Microscopy that cannot study organelles

Light Microscopy

Takes a cell apart separating major organelles allowing a specific organelle to be isolated for studying

Cell Fractionation

What bounds the DNA in the nucleus

Nuclear envelope

A selective barrier that allows sufficient passage of oxygen, nutrients, and waste to service the volume of every cell.

Plasma Membrane

Membrane structure described as a phospholipid (hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail)

Fluid Mosaic Model

In the nucleus the DNA is stored in what?

Chromosomes

DNA and proteins of chromosomes are together called..

Chromatin

The site of ribosomal RNA synthesis (rRNA)

Nucleolus

ribosomes carry out protein synthesis in what two locations

the cytosol and the nuclear envelope

Regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell

Endomembrane System

Smooth ER

No ribosomes, detoxifies

Rough ER

studded with ribosomes, major site of protein synthesis with each ribosome

The shipping and receiving of proteins in the cell

Golgi Apparatus

Digestive compartment, contain hydrolytic enzymes that rid of old damaged cells or DNA, very destructive

Lysosomes

Process when cells can engulf other cells, creating a food vacuole

Phagocytosis

formed by phagocytosis

food vacuole

found in fresh water protists, pump water out of cells

contractile vacuole

found in mature plant cells, hold organic compounds and water

central vacuole

similarities of mitochondria and chloroplast with bacteria: enveloped by double membrane, free ribosomes and circular DNA molecules, grow and reproduce somewhat independently in a cell.

Endosymbiont Theory

site of cellular respiration

mitochondira

metabolic process that uses oxygen to generate ATP

cellular respiration

found in plants and algae, site of photosynthesis, has two structures: thylakoids and stroma

Chloroplast

Composed of 3 types of structures: Microtubules, Microfilaments, and intermediate filaments

Cytoskeleton

organizes the cell's structure and activities anchoring many organelles, helping to maintain the structure and hold it in position

cytoskeleton

A core of microtubules sheated by plasma membrane is a structure for what

cilia and flagella

a motor protein that drives the bending movement of cilium and flagellum

dynein

joins plant cells so they are able to transfer nutrients and able to have uniform function

plasmodesmata