The simplest collection of matter
Cell
Type of Microscopy that cannot study organelles
Light Microscopy
Takes a cell apart separating major organelles allowing a specific organelle to be isolated for studying
Cell Fractionation
What bounds the DNA in the nucleus
Nuclear envelope
A selective barrier that allows sufficient passage of oxygen, nutrients, and waste to service the volume of every cell.
Plasma Membrane
Membrane structure described as a phospholipid (hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail)
Fluid Mosaic Model
In the nucleus the DNA is stored in what?
Chromosomes
DNA and proteins of chromosomes are together called..
Chromatin
The site of ribosomal RNA synthesis (rRNA)
Nucleolus
ribosomes carry out protein synthesis in what two locations
the cytosol and the nuclear envelope
Regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell
Endomembrane System
Smooth ER
No ribosomes, detoxifies
Rough ER
studded with ribosomes, major site of protein synthesis with each ribosome
The shipping and receiving of proteins in the cell
Golgi Apparatus
Digestive compartment, contain hydrolytic enzymes that rid of old damaged cells or DNA, very destructive
Lysosomes
Process when cells can engulf other cells, creating a food vacuole
Phagocytosis
formed by phagocytosis
food vacuole
found in fresh water protists, pump water out of cells
contractile vacuole
found in mature plant cells, hold organic compounds and water
central vacuole
similarities of mitochondria and chloroplast with bacteria: enveloped by double membrane, free ribosomes and circular DNA molecules, grow and reproduce somewhat independently in a cell.
Endosymbiont Theory
site of cellular respiration
mitochondira
metabolic process that uses oxygen to generate ATP
cellular respiration
found in plants and algae, site of photosynthesis, has two structures: thylakoids and stroma
Chloroplast
Composed of 3 types of structures: Microtubules, Microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
Cytoskeleton
organizes the cell's structure and activities anchoring many organelles, helping to maintain the structure and hold it in position
cytoskeleton
A core of microtubules sheated by plasma membrane is a structure for what
cilia and flagella
a motor protein that drives the bending movement of cilium and flagellum
dynein
joins plant cells so they are able to transfer nutrients and able to have uniform function
plasmodesmata