Articular cartilages

cover the ends of most bones and moveable joints

Coastal cartilages

Connect the ribs to the sternum

Respiratory cartilages

form the skeleton of the larynx and reinforce other respiratory passagways

Nasal cartilages

support the external nose

The only type of fiber found in Hyaline cartilage's matrix is:

collagen fibers

Location of Hyaline Cartilage

Respiratory, coastal, nasal, and articular

Location of Fibrocartilage

menisci of the knee, and discs between vertebrae

Location of elastic cartilage

the external ear, and epiglottis

names of the two ways cartilage forms

appositional growth and interstitial growth

Appositional growth

cartilage cells in the surrounding perichondrium secrete new matrix agains the external face of the existing cartilage.

perichondrium

a layer of DICT that acts like a girdle to resist outward expansion when cartilage is compressed. Also contains blood vessels that diffuse nutrients through the matrix to cartilage cells internally

Interstitial growth

The lacunae bound chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix, expanding the cartilage from within

7 functions of bones

1. support
2. protection
3. anchorage
4. mineral and growth factor storage
5. blood cell formation
6. triglyceride (fat) storage
7. hormone production

The axial skeleton includes the bones of:

1. skull
2. vertebral column
3. rib cage

The appendicular skeleton includes the bones of:

1. upper and lower limbs
2. the girdles (shoulders and hips)

Long Bones

• are longer than they are wide
• has a shaft plus two ends
• all limbs besides knee and ankle bones are long bones

Short bones

• Are roughly cube shaped
• wrist and ankles

Sesamoid Bones

• A special type of short bone
• forms in a tendon

Flat bones

• thin, flattened, and usually a bit curved

sternum scapulae ribs most skull bones

Irregular bones

• Have complicated shapes that don't fit into any other categories
• vertebrae and hip bones

Trabeculae

a honeycomb of beams inside of spongy bone, filled with yellow or red bone marrow