Articular cartilages
cover the ends of most bones and moveable joints
Coastal cartilages
Connect the ribs to the sternum
Respiratory cartilages
form the skeleton of the larynx and reinforce other respiratory passagways
Nasal cartilages
support the external nose
The only type of fiber found in Hyaline cartilage's matrix is:
collagen fibers
Location of Hyaline Cartilage
Respiratory, coastal, nasal, and articular
Location of Fibrocartilage
menisci of the knee, and discs between vertebrae
Location of elastic cartilage
the external ear, and epiglottis
names of the two ways cartilage forms
appositional growth and interstitial growth
Appositional growth
cartilage cells in the surrounding perichondrium secrete new matrix agains the external face of the existing cartilage.
perichondrium
a layer of DICT that acts like a girdle to resist outward expansion when cartilage is compressed. Also contains blood vessels that diffuse nutrients through the matrix to cartilage cells internally
Interstitial growth
The lacunae bound chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix, expanding the cartilage from within
7 functions of bones
- support
- protection
- anchorage
- mineral and growth factor storage
- blood cell formation
- triglyceride (fat) storage
- hormone production
The axial skeleton includes the bones of:
- skull
- vertebral column
- rib cage
The appendicular skeleton includes the bones of:
- upper and lower limbs
- the girdles (shoulders and hips)
Long Bones
- are longer than they are wide
- has a shaft plus two ends
- all limbs besides knee and ankle bones are long bones
Short bones
- Are roughly cube shaped
- wrist and ankles
Sesamoid Bones
- A special type of short bone
- forms in a tendon
Flat bones
- thin, flattened, and usually a bit curved
sternum scapulae ribs most skull bones
Irregular bones
- Have complicated shapes that don't fit into any other categories
- vertebrae and hip bones
Trabeculae
a honeycomb of beams inside of spongy bone, filled with yellow or red bone marrow