Postcapillary venules are the smallest type of

vein

A small artery that empties into a capillary is called an _____

arteriole

The three basic types of blood vessels are

veins, arteries, and capillaries

List the branches of the aortic arch listing the most proximal branch first and the most distal branch last

braciocephalic trunk

left common carotid

left subclavian

Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood ___ the heart

away from

The narrowest type of vessel in the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems that engages in fluid exchanges with surrounding tissues is called _____

capillary

Molecules spontaneously move down their concentration gradient during

diffusion

______ are microscopic, thin-walled vessels that connect the smallest arteries to the smallest veins

capillaries

Describe the flow of a blood cell through the pulmonary circuit from the right ventricle

pulmonary trunk

pulmonary arteries

lobar arteries

alveolar capillaries

pulmonary veins

left atrium

Which of these arteries, that branch from the thoracic aorta, directly supply blood to the muscles, bones, and skin of the chest wall?

superior phrenic arteries

posterior intercostal arteries

subcostal arteries

The vessels that carry blood back to the heart are called

veins

Capillaries are organized into networks called

capillary beds

The accumulation of excess fluid in a tissue is ____

edema

Which of the following can easily diffuse through the plasma membrane?

oxygen

carbon dioxide

steroid hormones

List the following vessels in order of those that have the highest blood pressure to those that have the lowest blood pressure

aorta

systemic artery

capillary

venule

systemic vein

superior vena cava

Identify the three primary branches the celiac trunk

splenic artery

left gastric artery

common hepatic artery

The outermost layer of the blood vessel is the tunica ____

externa

Name the condition that is caused by a sudden death of brain tissue by ischemia

stroke

List the principal regions of the aorta in order of blood flow from the heart

ascending aorta

aortic arch

descending aorta

thoracic aorta

abdominal aorta

Which of these arteries, that branch from the thoracic aorta, directly supply blood to the viscera of the thorax?

esophageal arteries

mediastinal arteries

bronchial arteries

The smallest resistance arteries are called _____

arterioles

Rank the arteries of the upper limb from proximal to distal

axillary artery

brachial artery

radial artery

deep palmar arch

Which of the following are examples of sensory structures located inside arterial walls?

baroreceptors and chemoreceptors

The common iliac arteries supply blood to the

pelvic wall and lower limbs

A chemical that _____ urine output is called a diuretic

increases

List the arteries in order as they descend and supply blood to the lower limb

external iliac artery

femoral artery

popliteal artery

anterior tibial artery

dorsal pedal artery

Shortly after leaving the aortic arch, the brachiocephalic trunk branches into the

right subclavian artery

right common carotid artey

The interosseous arteries of the forearm are located between the bones called the _____ and the _____

radius and ulna

The _____ and ____ are drained mainly by three pairs of veins: the internal jugulars, the external jugulars, and the vertebral veins

head and neck

Identify the tissues that comprise the capillary endothelium

loose connective

simple squamous epithelium

_____ venules receive blood from capillaries

postcapillary

The type of blood vessel regarded as capacitance vessels are _____

veins

List the arteries, in order, that a RBC must travel to get from the left ventricle to the tongue

aortic arch

brachiocephalic trunk

right common carotid artery

external carotid artery

lingual artery

Which of the following are functions of vasoreflexes?

they modify perfusion to an organ or tissue

they help regulate blood pressure

The "salt-retaining hormone" _____, primarily promotes sodium retention by the kidneys

aldosterone

The superior vena cava is formed by the union of the two _____ veins

brachiocephalic

The function of sensory receptors located in major arteries is to

monitor blood chemistry

monitor blood pressure

Transient ischemic attacks are characterized by

headache

temporary paralysis

temporary weakness

temporary loss of vision

temporary dizziness

A ____ is the sudden death (infarction) of brain tissue caused by ischemia

stroke

Systolic pressure is the arterial blood pressure attained during

ventricular contraction

The growth of new blood vessels is called

angiogenesis

Chemicals given off by the systemic capillary blood to the pervascular tissues often include

hormones

amino acids

oxygen

glucose

Name the vein that is formed by the union of the brachial and basilic veins

axillary vein

Blood travels to all tissues and organs of the body in the

systemic circuit

List the order of veins as blood would flow from the foot to the inferior vena cava

lateral plantar vein

fibular vein

politeal vein

external iliac vein

common iliac vein

inferior vena cava

As blood flows through vessels, it encounters forces, caused by several factors, that impede its movement. This opposition to blood flow is called peripheral ___

resistance

Rank the type of veins from smallest to largest

postcapillary venules

muscular venules

medium veins

venous sinuses

large veins

_____ is a process in which endothelial cells pick up material on one side of the plasma membrane by pinocytosis or receptor-mediated endocytosis, transport the vesicles across the cell, and discharge the material on the other side by exocytosis

transcytosis

An organ or cell specialized to detect a chemical is a _____

chemoreceptor

Name the branch of the external carotid artery that supplies blood to the teeth, maxilla oral cavity, and external ear

maxillary artery

_____ venules receive blood from the postcapillary venules

muscular

A _____ is a weak, bulging sack that pulsates with each beat of the heart and may eventually rupture

aneurysm

Veins have ____ that ensure the one way flow of blood

valves

Trace the pathway of blood from the heart to the forehead

aortic arch

brachiocephalic trunk

right common carotid artery

internal carotid artery

ophthalmic artery

Among arteries and veins, the tunica _____ is usually the thickest

media

A general insufficient blood flow to a tissue is called ______

ischemia

Hemodynamics are based mainly on

pressure and resistance

List in order from superior to inferior, the arteries that branch off of the abdominal aorta

celiac trunk

superior messenteric artery

renal artery

gonadal artery

common iliac artery

Short vessels that link arterioles and capillaries are called

metarterioles

Hydrostatic pressure forces a fluid through a selectively permeable membrane during

filtration

The femoral artery descends on the medial side of the femur giving rise to the following three arteries

circumflex femoral artery

popliteal artery

deep femoral artery

What is the longest vein in the body?

great saphenous vein

Also known as large or elastic arteries, ______ arteries are classified as the largest

conducting

_____ pressure is the minimum arterial blood pressure occurring during the ventricular relaxation between heartbeats

diastolic

The basal lamina is the non-cellular, proteinacious material that surrounds the capillary _____ cells and separates it from adjacent connective tissue

endothelial

A ____ is an autonomic, negative feedback response to changes in blood pressure

baroreflex

Name the mechanism that describes the ability of a tissue to adjust its own blood supply through vasomotion or angiogenesis

autoregulation

Blood colloid osmotic pressure (COP) is primarily determined by which protein?

albumin

Lower blood pressure during pulmonary circulation is ideal because

it allows more time for gas exchanges and capillaries can engage in absorption to prevent fluid accumulation

Vasodilation occurs due to _____ of the tunica media and the outward pressure of the blood exerted against the wall

relaxation

An excess of carbon dioxide in the blood is known as

hypercapnia

The tunica ____ lines the inside of the vessel and is exposed to the blood

interna

Regarding vessel diameter, widespread _____ raises the blood pressure, while widespread _____ lowers it

vasoconstriction

vasodilation

The most prominent veins which carry blood from the shoulder region back to the heart are the

subclavian

brachiocephalic

superior vena cava

Degenerative changes of blood vessels characterized by the presence of atheromas and often leading to calcification of the vessel wall is known as

atherosclerosis

In the coronary blood vessels, _____ and ______ bind to B-adrenergic receptors an cause vasodilation

nonepinephrine and epinephrine

The nucleus in the medulla oblongata that transmits efferent signals to the blood vessels and regulates vasomotion is known as the _____ center

vasomotor

Blood pressure is determined by which three variables?

blood volume

resistance to flow

cardiac output

A collateral route of blood supplied to a tissues is called an

anastomosis

The cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) supplies blood to the

brain

The thorax receives blood from several arteries which arise directly from the

aorta

A deficiency of oxygen in any tissue is known as

hypoxia

If a thrombus blocked blood flow deep in the brachial artery, blood could still reach the forearm via the

superior ulnar collateral artery

brachial artery

They physical force exerted by a liquid against a surface such as a capillary wall is called ________ pressure

hydrostatic

The left common carotid artery branches off of the

aortic arch

The visceral branches of the thoracic aorta include

bronchial arteries

esophageal arteries

mediastinal arteries

All of the following are arterial pressure points that are easily palpated EXCEPT

common iliac artery

________ are irregular blood-filled spaces in the liver, bone marrow, spleen, and some organs

sinusoids

Vasoconstriction primarily results from contraction of the tunica

media

All forms of circulatory shock fall into two categories

cardiogenic shock

low venous return shock

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure is called _____ pressure

pulse

Which of the following are vasoactive chemicals?

prostaglandins

bradykinin

histamine

The flow of blood back to the heart is called

venous return

The feedback response to blood chemistry changes is called a

chemoreflex