front 1 Postcapillary venules are the smallest type of | back 1 vein |
front 2 A small artery that empties into a capillary is called an _____ | back 2 arteriole |
front 3 The three basic types of blood vessels are | back 3 veins, arteries, and capillaries |
front 4 List the branches of the aortic arch listing the most proximal branch first and the most distal branch last | back 4 braciocephalic trunk left common carotid left subclavian |
front 5 Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood ___ the heart | back 5 away from |
front 6 The narrowest type of vessel in the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems that engages in fluid exchanges with surrounding tissues is called _____ | back 6 capillary |
front 7 Molecules spontaneously move down their concentration gradient during | back 7 diffusion |
front 8 ______ are microscopic, thin-walled vessels that connect the smallest arteries to the smallest veins | back 8 capillaries |
front 9 Describe the flow of a blood cell through the pulmonary circuit from the right ventricle | back 9 pulmonary trunk pulmonary arteries lobar arteries alveolar capillaries pulmonary veins left atrium |
front 10 Which of these arteries, that branch from the thoracic aorta, directly supply blood to the muscles, bones, and skin of the chest wall? | back 10 superior phrenic arteries posterior intercostal arteries subcostal arteries |
front 11 The vessels that carry blood back to the heart are called | back 11 veins |
front 12 Capillaries are organized into networks called | back 12 capillary beds |
front 13 The accumulation of excess fluid in a tissue is ____ | back 13 edema |
front 14 Which of the following can easily diffuse through the plasma membrane? | back 14 oxygen carbon dioxide steroid hormones |
front 15 List the following vessels in order of those that have the highest blood pressure to those that have the lowest blood pressure | back 15 aorta systemic artery capillary venule systemic vein superior vena cava |
front 16 Identify the three primary branches the celiac trunk | back 16 splenic artery left gastric artery common hepatic artery |
front 17 The outermost layer of the blood vessel is the tunica ____ | back 17 externa |
front 18 Name the condition that is caused by a sudden death of brain tissue by ischemia | back 18 stroke |
front 19 List the principal regions of the aorta in order of blood flow from the heart | back 19 ascending aorta aortic arch descending aorta thoracic aorta abdominal aorta |
front 20 Which of these arteries, that branch from the thoracic aorta, directly supply blood to the viscera of the thorax? | back 20 esophageal arteries mediastinal arteries bronchial arteries |
front 21 The smallest resistance arteries are called _____ | back 21 arterioles |
front 22 Rank the arteries of the upper limb from proximal to distal | back 22 axillary artery brachial artery radial artery deep palmar arch |
front 23 Which of the following are examples of sensory structures located inside arterial walls? | back 23 baroreceptors and chemoreceptors |
front 24 The common iliac arteries supply blood to the | back 24 pelvic wall and lower limbs |
front 25 A chemical that _____ urine output is called a diuretic | back 25 increases |
front 26 List the arteries in order as they descend and supply blood to the lower limb | back 26 external iliac artery femoral artery popliteal artery anterior tibial artery dorsal pedal artery |
front 27 Shortly after leaving the aortic arch, the brachiocephalic trunk branches into the | back 27 right subclavian artery right common carotid artey |
front 28 The interosseous arteries of the forearm are located between the bones called the _____ and the _____ | back 28 radius and ulna |
front 29 The _____ and ____ are drained mainly by three pairs of veins: the internal jugulars, the external jugulars, and the vertebral veins | back 29 head and neck |
front 30 Identify the tissues that comprise the capillary endothelium | back 30 loose connective simple squamous epithelium |
front 31 _____ venules receive blood from capillaries | back 31 postcapillary |
front 32 The type of blood vessel regarded as capacitance vessels are _____ | back 32 veins |
front 33 List the arteries, in order, that a RBC must travel to get from the left ventricle to the tongue | back 33 aortic arch brachiocephalic trunk right common carotid artery external carotid artery lingual artery |
front 34 Which of the following are functions of vasoreflexes? | back 34 they modify perfusion to an organ or tissue they help regulate blood pressure |
front 35 The "salt-retaining hormone" _____, primarily promotes sodium retention by the kidneys | back 35 aldosterone |
front 36 The superior vena cava is formed by the union of the two _____ veins | back 36 brachiocephalic |
front 37 The function of sensory receptors located in major arteries is to | back 37 monitor blood chemistry monitor blood pressure |
front 38 Transient ischemic attacks are characterized by | back 38 headache temporary paralysis temporary weakness temporary loss of vision temporary dizziness |
front 39 A ____ is the sudden death (infarction) of brain tissue caused by ischemia | back 39 stroke |
front 40 Systolic pressure is the arterial blood pressure attained during | back 40 ventricular contraction |
front 41 The growth of new blood vessels is called | back 41 angiogenesis |
front 42 Chemicals given off by the systemic capillary blood to the pervascular tissues often include | back 42 hormones amino acids oxygen glucose |
front 43 Name the vein that is formed by the union of the brachial and basilic veins | back 43 axillary vein |
front 44 Blood travels to all tissues and organs of the body in the | back 44 systemic circuit |
front 45 List the order of veins as blood would flow from the foot to the inferior vena cava | back 45 lateral plantar vein fibular vein politeal vein external iliac vein common iliac vein inferior vena cava |
front 46 As blood flows through vessels, it encounters forces, caused by several factors, that impede its movement. This opposition to blood flow is called peripheral ___ | back 46 resistance |
front 47 Rank the type of veins from smallest to largest | back 47 postcapillary venules muscular venules medium veins venous sinuses large veins |
front 48 _____ is a process in which endothelial cells pick up material on one side of the plasma membrane by pinocytosis or receptor-mediated endocytosis, transport the vesicles across the cell, and discharge the material on the other side by exocytosis | back 48 transcytosis |
front 49 An organ or cell specialized to detect a chemical is a _____ | back 49 chemoreceptor |
front 50 Name the branch of the external carotid artery that supplies blood to the teeth, maxilla oral cavity, and external ear | back 50 maxillary artery |
front 51 _____ venules receive blood from the postcapillary venules | back 51 muscular |
front 52 A _____ is a weak, bulging sack that pulsates with each beat of the heart and may eventually rupture | back 52 aneurysm |
front 53 Veins have ____ that ensure the one way flow of blood | back 53 valves |
front 54 Trace the pathway of blood from the heart to the forehead | back 54 aortic arch brachiocephalic trunk right common carotid artery internal carotid artery ophthalmic artery |
front 55 Among arteries and veins, the tunica _____ is usually the thickest | back 55 media |
front 56 A general insufficient blood flow to a tissue is called ______ | back 56 ischemia |
front 57 Hemodynamics are based mainly on | back 57 pressure and resistance |
front 58 List in order from superior to inferior, the arteries that branch off of the abdominal aorta | back 58 celiac trunk superior messenteric artery renal artery gonadal artery common iliac artery |
front 59 Short vessels that link arterioles and capillaries are called | back 59 metarterioles |
front 60 Hydrostatic pressure forces a fluid through a selectively permeable membrane during | back 60 filtration |
front 61 The femoral artery descends on the medial side of the femur giving rise to the following three arteries | back 61 circumflex femoral artery popliteal artery deep femoral artery |
front 62 What is the longest vein in the body? | back 62 great saphenous vein |
front 63 Also known as large or elastic arteries, ______ arteries are classified as the largest | back 63 conducting |
front 64 _____ pressure is the minimum arterial blood pressure occurring during the ventricular relaxation between heartbeats | back 64 diastolic |
front 65 The basal lamina is the non-cellular, proteinacious material that surrounds the capillary _____ cells and separates it from adjacent connective tissue | back 65 endothelial |
front 66 A ____ is an autonomic, negative feedback response to changes in blood pressure | back 66 baroreflex |
front 67 Name the mechanism that describes the ability of a tissue to adjust its own blood supply through vasomotion or angiogenesis | back 67 autoregulation |
front 68 Blood colloid osmotic pressure (COP) is primarily determined by which protein? | back 68 albumin |
front 69 Lower blood pressure during pulmonary circulation is ideal because | back 69 it allows more time for gas exchanges and capillaries can engage in absorption to prevent fluid accumulation |
front 70 Vasodilation occurs due to _____ of the tunica media and the outward pressure of the blood exerted against the wall | back 70 relaxation |
front 71 An excess of carbon dioxide in the blood is known as | back 71 hypercapnia |
front 72 The tunica ____ lines the inside of the vessel and is exposed to the blood | back 72 interna |
front 73 Regarding vessel diameter, widespread _____ raises the blood pressure, while widespread _____ lowers it | back 73 vasoconstriction vasodilation |
front 74 The most prominent veins which carry blood from the shoulder region back to the heart are the | back 74 subclavian brachiocephalic superior vena cava |
front 75 Degenerative changes of blood vessels characterized by the presence of atheromas and often leading to calcification of the vessel wall is known as | back 75 atherosclerosis |
front 76 In the coronary blood vessels, _____ and ______ bind to B-adrenergic receptors an cause vasodilation | back 76 nonepinephrine and epinephrine |
front 77 The nucleus in the medulla oblongata that transmits efferent signals to the blood vessels and regulates vasomotion is known as the _____ center | back 77 vasomotor |
front 78 Blood pressure is determined by which three variables? | back 78 blood volume resistance to flow cardiac output |
front 79 A collateral route of blood supplied to a tissues is called an | back 79 anastomosis |
front 80 The cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) supplies blood to the | back 80 brain |
front 81 The thorax receives blood from several arteries which arise directly from the | back 81 aorta |
front 82 A deficiency of oxygen in any tissue is known as | back 82 hypoxia |
front 83 If a thrombus blocked blood flow deep in the brachial artery, blood could still reach the forearm via the | back 83 superior ulnar collateral artery brachial artery |
front 84 They physical force exerted by a liquid against a surface such as a capillary wall is called ________ pressure | back 84 hydrostatic |
front 85 The left common carotid artery branches off of the | back 85 aortic arch |
front 86 The visceral branches of the thoracic aorta include | back 86 bronchial arteries esophageal arteries mediastinal arteries |
front 87 All of the following are arterial pressure points that are easily palpated EXCEPT | back 87 common iliac artery |
front 88 ________ are irregular blood-filled spaces in the liver, bone marrow, spleen, and some organs | back 88 sinusoids |
front 89 Vasoconstriction primarily results from contraction of the tunica | back 89 media |
front 90 All forms of circulatory shock fall into two categories | back 90 cardiogenic shock low venous return shock |
front 91 The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure is called _____ pressure | back 91 pulse |
front 92 Which of the following are vasoactive chemicals? | back 92 prostaglandins bradykinin histamine |
front 93 The flow of blood back to the heart is called | back 93 venous return |
front 94 The feedback response to blood chemistry changes is called a | back 94 chemoreflex |