Define hormone

chemical messenger secreted into the bloodstream by an endocrine gland

Correct term:

An endocrine/exocrine gland is a ductless gland that empties its hormone into the extracellular fluid from which it enters the blood.

endocrine

The pituitary gland, also known as the ____, is located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone.

a. hypophysis

b. hypothalamus

c. thalamus

a. hypophysis

True/False

The anterior pituitary gland is also referred to as the master endocrine gland because it controls the activity of many other endocrine glands.

True

The ____ gland is composed of two lobes and located in the throat, just inferior to the larynx.

a. pancreas c. thymus

b. posterior pituitary d. thyroid

d. thyroid

The pancreas produces two hormones that are responsible for regulating blood sugar levels. Name the hormone that increases blood glucose levels.

glucagon

True/False

The gonads are considered to be both endocrine and exocrine glands.

True

This gland is rather large in an infant, begins to atrophy at puberty, and is relatively inconspicuous by old age. It produces hormones that direct the maturation of T cells. It is the ____ gland.

a. pineal c. thymus

b. testes d. thyroid

c. thymus

Correct term:

Pancreatic islets/Acinar cells form the endocrine portion of the pancreas.

Pancreatic islets

The outer cortex of the adrenal gland is divided into three areas. Which one produces aldosterone?

a. zona fasciculata

b. zona glomerulosa

c. zona reticularis

b. zona fasciculata

True/False

Gonadotropins are produced by the anterior pituitary gland.

True

Correct Term:

Many people with diabetes mellitus need injections of insulin/glucagon to maintain homeostasis.

insulin

Correct Term:

Catabolism/Anabolism is the process by which substances are broken down into simpler compounds.

Catabolism

____ is the single most important hormone responsible for influencing the rate of cellular metabolism and body heat production.

a. Calcitonin c. Insulin

b. Estrogen d. Thyroid hormone

d. Thyroid hormone

Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is

a. decreased in individuals with hyperthyroidism

b. increased in individuals with hyperthyroidism

c. increased in obese individuals

b. increased in individuals with hyperthyroidism

True/False

There are no special precautions that I need to observe when performing today's lab (blood).

False

Three types of formed elements found in the blood include erythrocytes, leukocytes, and ____.

a. electrolytes c. platelets

b. fibers d. sodium salts

c. platelets

Correct Term:

Mature erythrocytes/leukocytes are the most numerous blood cells and do not have a nucleus.

erythroocytes

The least numerous but largest of all agranulocytes is the

a. basophil c. monocyte

b. lymphocyte d. neutrophil

c. monocyte

____ are the leukocytes for releasing histamine and other mediators of inflammation.

a. Basophils c. Monocytes

b. Eosinophils d. Neutrophils

a. Basophils

____ are essential for blood clotting.

Platelets

Correct Term:

When determining the hematocrit/hemoglobin, you will centrifuge whole blood in order to allow the formed elements to sink to the bottom of the sample.

hematocrit

Correct Term:

The normal hematocrit value for females/males is generally higher than that of the opposite sex.

males

Correct Term:

Blood typing is based on the presence of proteins known as antigens/antibodies on the outer surface of the red blood cell plasma membrane.

antigens

True/False

If an individual is transfused with the wrong blood type, the recipient's antibodies react with the donor's antigens, eventually clumping and hemolyzing the donated RBC's.

True

The heart is enclosed in a double-walled sac called the

a. apex c. pericardium

b. mediastinum d. thorax

c. pericardium

The heart is divided into ____ chambers.

a. two c. four

b. three d. five

c. four

What is the name of the receiving chambers of the heart?

left/right atrium

The left ventricle discharges blood into the ____, from which all systemic arteries of the body diverge to supply the body tissues.

a. aorta c. pulmonary verin

b. pulmonary artery d. vena cava

a. aorta

True/False

Blood flows through the heart in one direction-- from the atria to the ventricles.

True

Correct Term:

The right atrioventricular valve, or t ricuspid valve/mitral valve, prevents backflow into the right atrium when the right ventricle is contracting.

mitral valve

Correct Term:

The heart serves as a double pump. The right/left side serves as the pulmonary circulation pump, shunting carbon dioxide-rich blood to the lungs.

left

The blood vessels that supply blood to the heart itself are the

a. aortas c. coronary arteries

b. carotid arteries d. pulmonary trunks

c. coronary arteries

Two microscopic features of cardiac cells that help distinguish them from other types of muscle cells are branching of the cells and

a. intercalated discs c. sarcolemma

b. myosin fibers d. striations

a. intercalated discs

Correct Term:

In the heart, the left/right ventricle has thicker walls and a basically circular cavity shape.

left

True/False

Cardiac muscle cells are electrically connected by gap junctions and behave as a single unit.

True

Because it sets the rate of depolarization for the normal heart, the ____ node is known as the pacemaker of the heart.

a. atrioventicular

b. Purkinje

c. sinoatrial

c. sinoatrial

True/False

Stimulation by the nerves of the autonomic nervous system is essential for cardiac muscle to contract.

True

Today you will create a graphic recording of the electrical changes that occur during a cardiac cycle. This is known as an

a. electrocardiogram

b. electroencephalogram

c. electromyogram

a. electrocardiogram

Correct Term:

The typical ECG has three/six normally recognizable deflection waves.

three

In a typical ECG, the ____ wave signals the depolarization of the atria immediately before they contract.

a. P c. R

b. Q d. T

a. P

True/False

The repolarization of the atria is usually masked by the large QRS complex.

True

Correct Term:

A heart rate over 100 beats/minute is known as tachycardia/bradycardia.

tachycardia

How many electrodes will you place on your subject for today's activity if you use a standard ECG apparatus?

a. 3 c. 10

b. 4 d. 12

d. 12

True/False

ECG can be used to calculate heart rate.

True

Correct Term:

Arteries/Veins drain tissues and returns blood to the heart.

Veins

True/False

Gas exchange takes place between tissue cells and blood through capillary walls.

True

The ____ is the largest artery in the body.

a. aorta c. femoral artery

b. carotid artery d. subcalvian artery

a. aorta

Correct Term:

The largest branch of the abdominal aorta, the renal/superior mesenteric artery, supplies most of the small intestine and the first half of the large intestine.

superior mesenteric

The anterior tibial artery terminates with the ____ artery, which is often palpated in patients with circulatory problems to determine the circulatory efficiency of the lower limb.

a. dorsalis pedis c. obturator

b. external iliac d. tibial

a. dorsalis pedis

Correct Term:

Vains draining the head an upper extremities empty into the superior/inferior vena cava.

superior

Located in the lower limb, the ____ is the longest vein in the body.

a. external iliac c. great saphenous

b.fibular d. internal iliac

c. great saphenous

Correct Term:

The renal/hepatic veins drain the liver.

hepatic

The function of the ____ is to drain the digestive viscera and carry dissolved nutrients to the liver for processing.

a. fetal circulation

b. hepatic portal circulation

c. pulmonary circulation system

b. hepatic portal circulation

Correct Term:

In the developing fetus, the umbilical artery/vein carried blood rich in nutrients and oxygen to the fetus.

vein

Correct Term:

According to the general usage, systole/diastole refers to ventricular relaxation.

diastole

A graph illustrating the pressure and volume changes during one heartbeat is called the

a. blood pressure c. conduction system of the heart

b. cardiac cycle d. electrical events of the heartbeat

b. cardiac cycle

True/False

When ventricular systole begins, intraventricular pressure increases rapidly,closing the atrioventricular (AV) valves,

True

The average heart beats approximately ____ times per minute.

a. 50 c. 100

b. 75 d. 125

b. 75

Correct Term:

Abnormal heart sounds called murmurs/stroke can indicate valve problems.

murmurs

The term ____ refers to the alternating surges of pressure in an artery that occur with each contraction and relaxation of the left ventricle.

a. diastole c. pulse

b. murmur d. systole

c. pulse

Correct Term:

The pulse is most often taken at the lateral aspect of the wrist, above the thumb, by compressing the popliteal/radial artery.

radial

What device will you use today to measure your subject's blood pressure?

sphygmomanometer, stethoscope

In reporting a blood pressure of 120/90, which number represents the diastolic pressure?

90

The ____ are characteristic sounds that indicate the resumption of blood flow to the artery being occluded when taking blood pressure.

a. ectopic heartbeats c. heart rhythms

b. heart murmurs d. sounds of Korotkoff

d. sounds of Korotkoff

True/False

The lymphatic system protects the body by removing foreign material such as bacteria from the lymphatic stream.

True

Lymph is

a. excess blood that has escaped from veins

b. excess tissue fluid that has leaked out of capillaries

c. excess tissue fluid that has escaped from arteries

b. excess tissue fluid that has leaked out of capillaries

True/False

Collecting lymphatic vessels have three tunics and are equipped with valves like veins.

True

____, which serve as filters for the lymphatic system, occur at various points along the lymphatic system.

a. Glands

b. Lymph nodes

c. Valves

b. Lymph nodes

True/False

The immune response is a systemic response that occurs when the body recognizes a substance as foreign and acts to destroy or neutralize it.

True

Three characteristics of the immune response are the ability to distinguish self from nonself, memory, and

a. autoimmunity

b. specificity

c. susceptibilty

b. specificity

Correct Term:

B cells/T cells differentiate in the thymus.

T cells

Correct Term:

T cells mediate humoral/cellular immunity because they destroy cells infected with viruses and certain bacteria and parasites.

cellular

True/False

Antibodies are produced by plasma cells in response to antigens and are found in all body secretions.

True

Antibodies that have only one structural unit (monomer) consist of ____ protein chains, connected by disulfide bonds.

a. two c. four

b. three d. six

c. four