front 1 Define hormone | back 1 chemical messenger secreted into the bloodstream by an endocrine gland |
front 2 Correct term: An endocrine/exocrine gland is a ductless gland that empties its hormone into the extracellular fluid from which it enters the blood. | back 2 endocrine |
front 3 The pituitary gland, also known as the ____, is located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone. a. hypophysis b. hypothalamus c. thalamus | back 3 a. hypophysis |
front 4 True/False The anterior pituitary gland is also referred to as the master endocrine gland because it controls the activity of many other endocrine glands. | back 4 True |
front 5 The ____ gland is composed of two lobes and located in the throat, just inferior to the larynx. a. pancreas c. thymus b. posterior pituitary d. thyroid | back 5 d. thyroid |
front 6 The pancreas produces two hormones that are responsible for regulating blood sugar levels. Name the hormone that increases blood glucose levels. | back 6 glucagon |
front 7 True/False The gonads are considered to be both endocrine and exocrine glands. | back 7 True |
front 8 This gland is rather large in an infant, begins to atrophy at puberty, and is relatively inconspicuous by old age. It produces hormones that direct the maturation of T cells. It is the ____ gland. a. pineal c. thymus b. testes d. thyroid | back 8 c. thymus |
front 9 Correct term: Pancreatic islets/Acinar cells form the endocrine portion of the pancreas. | back 9 Pancreatic islets |
front 10 The outer cortex of the adrenal gland is divided into three areas. Which one produces aldosterone? a. zona fasciculata b. zona glomerulosa c. zona reticularis | back 10 b. zona fasciculata |
front 11 True/False Gonadotropins are produced by the anterior pituitary gland. | back 11 True |
front 12 Correct Term: Many people with diabetes mellitus need injections of insulin/glucagon to maintain homeostasis. | back 12 insulin |
front 13 Correct Term: Catabolism/Anabolism is the process by which substances are broken down into simpler compounds. | back 13 Catabolism |
front 14 ____ is the single most important hormone responsible for influencing the rate of cellular metabolism and body heat production. a. Calcitonin c. Insulin b. Estrogen d. Thyroid hormone | back 14 d. Thyroid hormone |
front 15 Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is a. decreased in individuals with hyperthyroidism b. increased in individuals with hyperthyroidism c. increased in obese individuals | back 15 b. increased in individuals with hyperthyroidism |
front 16 True/False There are no special precautions that I need to observe when performing today's lab (blood). | back 16 False |
front 17 Three types of formed elements found in the blood include erythrocytes, leukocytes, and ____. a. electrolytes c. platelets b. fibers d. sodium salts | back 17 c. platelets |
front 18 Correct Term: Mature erythrocytes/leukocytes are the most numerous blood cells and do not have a nucleus. | back 18 erythroocytes |
front 19 The least numerous but largest of all agranulocytes is the a. basophil c. monocyte b. lymphocyte d. neutrophil | back 19 c. monocyte |
front 20 ____ are the leukocytes for releasing histamine and other mediators of inflammation. a. Basophils c. Monocytes b. Eosinophils d. Neutrophils | back 20 a. Basophils |
front 21 ____ are essential for blood clotting. | back 21 Platelets |
front 22 Correct Term: When determining the hematocrit/hemoglobin, you will centrifuge whole blood in order to allow the formed elements to sink to the bottom of the sample. | back 22 hematocrit |
front 23 Correct Term: The normal hematocrit value for females/males is generally higher than that of the opposite sex. | back 23 males |
front 24 Correct Term: Blood typing is based on the presence of proteins known as antigens/antibodies on the outer surface of the red blood cell plasma membrane. | back 24 antigens |
front 25 True/False If an individual is transfused with the wrong blood type, the recipient's antibodies react with the donor's antigens, eventually clumping and hemolyzing the donated RBC's. | back 25 True |
front 26 The heart is enclosed in a double-walled sac called the a. apex c. pericardium b. mediastinum d. thorax | back 26 c. pericardium |
front 27 The heart is divided into ____ chambers. a. two c. four b. three d. five | back 27 c. four |
front 28 What is the name of the receiving chambers of the heart? | back 28 left/right atrium |
front 29 The left ventricle discharges blood into the ____, from which all systemic arteries of the body diverge to supply the body tissues. a. aorta c. pulmonary verin b. pulmonary artery d. vena cava | back 29 a. aorta |
front 30 True/False Blood flows through the heart in one direction-- from the atria to the ventricles. | back 30 True |
front 31 Correct Term: The right atrioventricular valve, or t ricuspid valve/mitral valve, prevents backflow into the right atrium when the right ventricle is contracting. | back 31 mitral valve |
front 32 Correct Term: The heart serves as a double pump. The right/left side serves as the pulmonary circulation pump, shunting carbon dioxide-rich blood to the lungs. | back 32 left |
front 33 The blood vessels that supply blood to the heart itself are the a. aortas c. coronary arteries b. carotid arteries d. pulmonary trunks | back 33 c. coronary arteries |
front 34 Two microscopic features of cardiac cells that help distinguish them from other types of muscle cells are branching of the cells and a. intercalated discs c. sarcolemma b. myosin fibers d. striations | back 34 a. intercalated discs |
front 35 Correct Term: In the heart, the left/right ventricle has thicker walls and a basically circular cavity shape. | back 35 left |
front 36 True/False Cardiac muscle cells are electrically connected by gap junctions and behave as a single unit. | back 36 True |
front 37 Because it sets the rate of depolarization for the normal heart, the ____ node is known as the pacemaker of the heart. a. atrioventicular b. Purkinje c. sinoatrial | back 37 c. sinoatrial |
front 38 True/False Stimulation by the nerves of the autonomic nervous system is essential for cardiac muscle to contract. | back 38 True |
front 39 Today you will create a graphic recording of the electrical changes that occur during a cardiac cycle. This is known as an a. electrocardiogram b. electroencephalogram c. electromyogram | back 39 a. electrocardiogram |
front 40 Correct Term: The typical ECG has three/six normally recognizable deflection waves. | back 40 three |
front 41 In a typical ECG, the ____ wave signals the depolarization of the atria immediately before they contract. a. P c. R b. Q d. T | back 41 a. P |
front 42 True/False The repolarization of the atria is usually masked by the large QRS complex. | back 42 True |
front 43 Correct Term: A heart rate over 100 beats/minute is known as tachycardia/bradycardia. | back 43 tachycardia |
front 44 How many electrodes will you place on your subject for today's activity if you use a standard ECG apparatus? a. 3 c. 10 b. 4 d. 12 | back 44 d. 12 |
front 45 True/False ECG can be used to calculate heart rate. | back 45 True |
front 46 Correct Term: Arteries/Veins drain tissues and returns blood to the heart. | back 46 Veins |
front 47 True/False Gas exchange takes place between tissue cells and blood through capillary walls. | back 47 True |
front 48 The ____ is the largest artery in the body. a. aorta c. femoral artery b. carotid artery d. subcalvian artery | back 48 a. aorta |
front 49 Correct Term: The largest branch of the abdominal aorta, the renal/superior mesenteric artery, supplies most of the small intestine and the first half of the large intestine. | back 49 superior mesenteric |
front 50 The anterior tibial artery terminates with the ____ artery, which is often palpated in patients with circulatory problems to determine the circulatory efficiency of the lower limb. a. dorsalis pedis c. obturator b. external iliac d. tibial | back 50 a. dorsalis pedis |
front 51 Correct Term: Vains draining the head an upper extremities empty into the superior/inferior vena cava. | back 51 superior |
front 52 Located in the lower limb, the ____ is the longest vein in the body. a. external iliac c. great saphenous b.fibular d. internal iliac | back 52 c. great saphenous |
front 53 Correct Term: The renal/hepatic veins drain the liver. | back 53 hepatic |
front 54 The function of the ____ is to drain the digestive viscera and carry dissolved nutrients to the liver for processing. a. fetal circulation b. hepatic portal circulation c. pulmonary circulation system | back 54 b. hepatic portal circulation |
front 55 Correct Term: In the developing fetus, the umbilical artery/vein carried blood rich in nutrients and oxygen to the fetus. | back 55 vein |
front 56 Correct Term: According to the general usage, systole/diastole refers to ventricular relaxation. | back 56 diastole |
front 57 A graph illustrating the pressure and volume changes during one heartbeat is called the a. blood pressure c. conduction system of the heart b. cardiac cycle d. electrical events of the heartbeat | back 57 b. cardiac cycle |
front 58 True/False When ventricular systole begins, intraventricular pressure increases rapidly,closing the atrioventricular (AV) valves, | back 58 True |
front 59 The average heart beats approximately ____ times per minute. a. 50 c. 100 b. 75 d. 125 | back 59 b. 75 |
front 60 Correct Term: Abnormal heart sounds called murmurs/stroke can indicate valve problems. | back 60 murmurs |
front 61 The term ____ refers to the alternating surges of pressure in an artery that occur with each contraction and relaxation of the left ventricle. a. diastole c. pulse b. murmur d. systole | back 61 c. pulse |
front 62 Correct Term: The pulse is most often taken at the lateral aspect of the wrist, above the thumb, by compressing the popliteal/radial artery. | back 62 radial |
front 63 What device will you use today to measure your subject's blood pressure? | back 63 sphygmomanometer, stethoscope |
front 64 In reporting a blood pressure of 120/90, which number represents the diastolic pressure? | back 64 90 |
front 65 The ____ are characteristic sounds that indicate the resumption of blood flow to the artery being occluded when taking blood pressure. a. ectopic heartbeats c. heart rhythms b. heart murmurs d. sounds of Korotkoff | back 65 d. sounds of Korotkoff |
front 66 True/False The lymphatic system protects the body by removing foreign material such as bacteria from the lymphatic stream. | back 66 True |
front 67 Lymph is a. excess blood that has escaped from veins b. excess tissue fluid that has leaked out of capillaries c. excess tissue fluid that has escaped from arteries | back 67 b. excess tissue fluid that has leaked out of capillaries |
front 68 True/False Collecting lymphatic vessels have three tunics and are equipped with valves like veins. | back 68 True |
front 69 ____, which serve as filters for the lymphatic system, occur at various points along the lymphatic system. a. Glands b. Lymph nodes c. Valves | back 69 b. Lymph nodes |
front 70 True/False The immune response is a systemic response that occurs when the body recognizes a substance as foreign and acts to destroy or neutralize it. | back 70 True |
front 71 Three characteristics of the immune response are the ability to distinguish self from nonself, memory, and a. autoimmunity b. specificity c. susceptibilty | back 71 b. specificity |
front 72 Correct Term: B cells/T cells differentiate in the thymus. | back 72 T cells |
front 73 Correct Term: T cells mediate humoral/cellular immunity because they destroy cells infected with viruses and certain bacteria and parasites. | back 73 cellular |
front 74 True/False Antibodies are produced by plasma cells in response to antigens and are found in all body secretions. | back 74 True |
front 75 Antibodies that have only one structural unit (monomer) consist of ____ protein chains, connected by disulfide bonds. a. two c. four b. three d. six | back 75 c. four |