A&P 2 PreLab Quizzes for Practicum 1 Flashcards

Define hormone

Correct term:

An endocrine/exocrine gland is a ductless gland that empties its hormone into the extracellular fluid from which it enters the blood.

The pituitary gland, also known as the ____, is located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone.

a. hypophysis

b. hypothalamus

c. thalamus

True/False

The anterior pituitary gland is also referred to as the master endocrine gland because it controls the activity of many other endocrine glands.

The ____ gland is composed of two lobes and located in the throat, just inferior to the larynx.

a. pancreas c. thymus

b. posterior pituitary d. thyroid

The pancreas produces two hormones that are responsible for regulating blood sugar levels. Name the hormone that increases blood glucose levels.

True/False

The gonads are considered to be both endocrine and exocrine glands.

This gland is rather large in an infant, begins to atrophy at puberty, and is relatively inconspicuous by old age. It produces hormones that direct the maturation of T cells. It is the ____ gland.

a. pineal c. thymus

b. testes d. thyroid

Correct term:

Pancreatic islets/Acinar cells form the endocrine portion of the pancreas.

The outer cortex of the adrenal gland is divided into three areas. Which one produces aldosterone?

a. zona fasciculata

b. zona glomerulosa

c. zona reticularis

True/False

Gonadotropins are produced by the anterior pituitary gland.

Correct Term:

Many people with diabetes mellitus need injections of insulin/glucagon to maintain homeostasis.

Correct Term:

Catabolism/Anabolism is the process by which substances are broken down into simpler compounds.

____ is the single most important hormone responsible for influencing the rate of cellular metabolism and body heat production.

a. Calcitonin c. Insulin

b. Estrogen d. Thyroid hormone

Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is

a. decreased in individuals with hyperthyroidism

b. increased in individuals with hyperthyroidism

c. increased in obese individuals

True/False

There are no special precautions that I need to observe when performing today's lab (blood).

Three types of formed elements found in the blood include erythrocytes, leukocytes, and ____.

a. electrolytes c. platelets

b. fibers d. sodium salts

Correct Term:

Mature erythrocytes/leukocytes are the most numerous blood cells and do not have a nucleus.

The least numerous but largest of all agranulocytes is the

a. basophil c. monocyte

b. lymphocyte d. neutrophil

____ are the leukocytes for releasing histamine and other mediators of inflammation.

a. Basophils c. Monocytes

b. Eosinophils d. Neutrophils

____ are essential for blood clotting.

Correct Term:

When determining the hematocrit/hemoglobin, you will centrifuge whole blood in order to allow the formed elements to sink to the bottom of the sample.

Correct Term:

The normal hematocrit value for females/males is generally higher than that of the opposite sex.

Correct Term:

Blood typing is based on the presence of proteins known as antigens/antibodies on the outer surface of the red blood cell plasma membrane.

True/False

If an individual is transfused with the wrong blood type, the recipient's antibodies react with the donor's antigens, eventually clumping and hemolyzing the donated RBC's.

The heart is enclosed in a double-walled sac called the

a. apex c. pericardium

b. mediastinum d. thorax

The heart is divided into ____ chambers.

a. two c. four

b. three d. five

What is the name of the receiving chambers of the heart?

The left ventricle discharges blood into the ____, from which all systemic arteries of the body diverge to supply the body tissues.

a. aorta c. pulmonary verin

b. pulmonary artery d. vena cava

True/False

Blood flows through the heart in one direction-- from the atria to the ventricles.

Correct Term:

The right atrioventricular valve, or t ricuspid valve/mitral valve, prevents backflow into the right atrium when the right ventricle is contracting.

Correct Term:

The heart serves as a double pump. The right/left side serves as the pulmonary circulation pump, shunting carbon dioxide-rich blood to the lungs.

The blood vessels that supply blood to the heart itself are the

a. aortas c. coronary arteries

b. carotid arteries d. pulmonary trunks

Two microscopic features of cardiac cells that help distinguish them from other types of muscle cells are branching of the cells and

a. intercalated discs c. sarcolemma

b. myosin fibers d. striations

Correct Term:

In the heart, the left/right ventricle has thicker walls and a basically circular cavity shape.

True/False

Cardiac muscle cells are electrically connected by gap junctions and behave as a single unit.

Because it sets the rate of depolarization for the normal heart, the ____ node is known as the pacemaker of the heart.

a. atrioventicular

b. Purkinje

c. sinoatrial

True/False

Stimulation by the nerves of the autonomic nervous system is essential for cardiac muscle to contract.

Today you will create a graphic recording of the electrical changes that occur during a cardiac cycle. This is known as an

a. electrocardiogram

b. electroencephalogram

c. electromyogram

Correct Term:

The typical ECG has three/six normally recognizable deflection waves.

In a typical ECG, the ____ wave signals the depolarization of the atria immediately before they contract.

a. P c. R

b. Q d. T

True/False

The repolarization of the atria is usually masked by the large QRS complex.

Correct Term:

A heart rate over 100 beats/minute is known as tachycardia/bradycardia.

How many electrodes will you place on your subject for today's activity if you use a standard ECG apparatus?

a. 3 c. 10

b. 4 d. 12

True/False

ECG can be used to calculate heart rate.

Correct Term:

Arteries/Veins drain tissues and returns blood to the heart.

True/False

Gas exchange takes place between tissue cells and blood through capillary walls.

The ____ is the largest artery in the body.

a. aorta c. femoral artery

b. carotid artery d. subcalvian artery

Correct Term:

The largest branch of the abdominal aorta, the renal/superior mesenteric artery, supplies most of the small intestine and the first half of the large intestine.

The anterior tibial artery terminates with the ____ artery, which is often palpated in patients with circulatory problems to determine the circulatory efficiency of the lower limb.

a. dorsalis pedis c. obturator

b. external iliac d. tibial

Correct Term:

Vains draining the head an upper extremities empty into the superior/inferior vena cava.

Located in the lower limb, the ____ is the longest vein in the body.

a. external iliac c. great saphenous

b.fibular d. internal iliac

Correct Term:

The renal/hepatic veins drain the liver.

The function of the ____ is to drain the digestive viscera and carry dissolved nutrients to the liver for processing.

a. fetal circulation

b. hepatic portal circulation

c. pulmonary circulation system

Correct Term:

In the developing fetus, the umbilical artery/vein carried blood rich in nutrients and oxygen to the fetus.

Correct Term:

According to the general usage, systole/diastole refers to ventricular relaxation.

A graph illustrating the pressure and volume changes during one heartbeat is called the

a. blood pressure c. conduction system of the heart

b. cardiac cycle d. electrical events of the heartbeat

True/False

When ventricular systole begins, intraventricular pressure increases rapidly,closing the atrioventricular (AV) valves,

The average heart beats approximately ____ times per minute.

a. 50 c. 100

b. 75 d. 125

Correct Term:

Abnormal heart sounds called murmurs/stroke can indicate valve problems.

The term ____ refers to the alternating surges of pressure in an artery that occur with each contraction and relaxation of the left ventricle.

a. diastole c. pulse

b. murmur d. systole

Correct Term:

The pulse is most often taken at the lateral aspect of the wrist, above the thumb, by compressing the popliteal/radial artery.

What device will you use today to measure your subject's blood pressure?

In reporting a blood pressure of 120/90, which number represents the diastolic pressure?

The ____ are characteristic sounds that indicate the resumption of blood flow to the artery being occluded when taking blood pressure.

a. ectopic heartbeats c. heart rhythms

b. heart murmurs d. sounds of Korotkoff

True/False

The lymphatic system protects the body by removing foreign material such as bacteria from the lymphatic stream.

Lymph is

a. excess blood that has escaped from veins

b. excess tissue fluid that has leaked out of capillaries

c. excess tissue fluid that has escaped from arteries

True/False

Collecting lymphatic vessels have three tunics and are equipped with valves like veins.

____, which serve as filters for the lymphatic system, occur at various points along the lymphatic system.

a. Glands

b. Lymph nodes

c. Valves

True/False

The immune response is a systemic response that occurs when the body recognizes a substance as foreign and acts to destroy or neutralize it.

Three characteristics of the immune response are the ability to distinguish self from nonself, memory, and

a. autoimmunity

b. specificity

c. susceptibilty

Correct Term:

B cells/T cells differentiate in the thymus.

Correct Term:

T cells mediate humoral/cellular immunity because they destroy cells infected with viruses and certain bacteria and parasites.

True/False

Antibodies are produced by plasma cells in response to antigens and are found in all body secretions.

Antibodies that have only one structural unit (monomer) consist of ____ protein chains, connected by disulfide bonds.

a. two c. four

b. three d. six