Hyphae are

haploid

Fungi reproduce sexually

when conditions are stressful

The skin and central nervous system develop from

ectoderm

In deuterostomes the blastopore develops into the

anus

Which group has indeterminate cleavage?

deuterostomes

Jaws first occurred in which extant group of fishes?

Chondrichthyans

Which group's members have had both lungs and gills during their adult lives?

amphibians

What species are amniotes?

Reptiles, birds, and mammals

Why is the amniotic egg considered an important evolutionary breakthrough?

It allows deposition of eggs in a terrestrial environment

Which characteristic added most to vertebrate success in relatively dry environments?

The shelled, amniotic egg

Which of the following is most closely related to crocodiles?

birds

What are the only extant animals that descended directly from dinosaurs?

birds

A maggot is more correctly called a

larva

Internal fertilization, leathery amniotic egg, and skin that resists drying are characteristics of

non-bird reptiles

This group can use their skin for significant gas exchange

amphibians

Which of the following is an ecdysozoan?

nematode worms

Lungs and the digestive system develop from

endoderm

This group has ONE pair of antennae

insects

This group has one pair of legs per body segment

Chilopoda

Which fish is most closely related to tetrapods?

lungfish

What are the most abundant and diverse (in terms of number of species) of the extant vertebrates?

ray-finned fishes

What is the single unique characteristic that distinguishes extant (not extinct) birds from other extant vertebrates?

feathers

Which of the following traits evolved first in hominids?

bipedalism

These hominids lived in Europe along with Homo sapiens

Neanderthals

What is the most specific group that includes both the Old World monkeys and the New World monkeys?

anthropoids

This is the first group to appear in the fossil record that can truly be called a vertebrate

lampreys

All chordates are vertebrates

false

all vertebrates are chordates

true

insects have __________pair(s) of wings

two

salamanders are

amphibians

In order for the four-chambered hearts of birds and mammals to be homologous, which other organisms would have to have had four-chambered hearts?

stem (very early) reptiles

Vertebrates and tunicates (sea squirts, Urochordata) share

a notochord and a dorsal, hollow nerve cord

Some animals that lived 530 mya resembled lancelets but had a brain and a skull. These animals may represent

early craniates

As hominins diverged from other primates, which of the following appeared first?

bidepal locomotion

I, like Professor Stevens, am an African American because my ancestors evolved in Africa

TRUE

Barnacles are

crustaceans

A fungal pathogen is just one of several causes for the alarming decline in which group of vertebrates

amphibians

Chordates have a _____________ nerve cord

dorsal

Lungs and the digestive system evolve from which layer?

endoderm

Animals that have eggs, but the eggs develop inside their mother (as in some sharks), and the young hatch from the egg while it is still inside the mother are called

ovoviviparous

One of these things is not an archosaur. Who is it?

turtle

Which group of mammals gives birth to live young that are very immature and spend most of their early development attached to a nipple drinking milk

marsupials

At one stage of early development, you were shaped like a hollow ball. This hollow ball shaped stage is called a

blastula

This thing belongs to which group?

sarcopterygii

The fungus body, such as a mushroom, is called a ____________

hyphae

This type of fungus is killing our beloved frogs _________________

chytrid

Deuterostomes have this type of cleavage_____________

indeterminate

Fungi have cell walls made of _______________

chitin

Chelicerata have _________ pairs of antennae

zero

The sessile stage of a jellyfish is called ______________

polyp

Molting, as when a caterpillar sheds its exoskeleton, is known as____________

ecdysis

A cocoon that larvae form before complete metamorphosis is better known as a_________

pupa

This is one feature birds and dinosaurs share_____________

feathers (many more possible answers)

Birds closest relatives were____________

dinosaurs

Egg laying mammals are called

monotremes

Kangaroos have a tripartite (3 part)______________

vagina

Sharks have skeletons made of ____________

Cartilage

Amphibian skin is ______________

not waterproof

Fish and other vertebrates that have jaws are called_____________

gnathosomes

__________________is the weedkiller that Tyrone Hayes found to chemically castrate frogs

Atrazine

The______________surrounds the embryo and holds water in reptiles, birds, and mammals

amniotic sac

The ___________is the membrane that stores waste in embryonic birds and reptiles

allantois