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62 notecards = 16 pages (4 cards per page)

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Exam 2

front 1

Hyphae are

back 1

haploid

front 2

Fungi reproduce sexually

back 2

when conditions are stressful

front 3

The skin and central nervous system develop from

back 3

ectoderm

front 4

In deuterostomes the blastopore develops into the

back 4

anus

front 5

Which group has indeterminate cleavage?

back 5

deuterostomes

front 6

Jaws first occurred in which extant group of fishes?

back 6

Chondrichthyans

front 7

Which group's members have had both lungs and gills during their adult lives?

back 7

amphibians

front 8

What species are amniotes?

back 8

Reptiles, birds, and mammals

front 9

Why is the amniotic egg considered an important evolutionary breakthrough?

back 9

It allows deposition of eggs in a terrestrial environment

front 10

Which characteristic added most to vertebrate success in relatively dry environments?

back 10

The shelled, amniotic egg

front 11

Which of the following is most closely related to crocodiles?

back 11

birds

front 12

What are the only extant animals that descended directly from dinosaurs?

back 12

birds

front 13

A maggot is more correctly called a

back 13

larva

front 14

Internal fertilization, leathery amniotic egg, and skin that resists drying are characteristics of

back 14

non-bird reptiles

front 15

This group can use their skin for significant gas exchange

back 15

amphibians

front 16

Which of the following is an ecdysozoan?

back 16

nematode worms

front 17

Lungs and the digestive system develop from

back 17

endoderm

front 18

This group has ONE pair of antennae

back 18

insects

front 19

This group has one pair of legs per body segment

back 19

Chilopoda

front 20

Which fish is most closely related to tetrapods?

back 20

lungfish

front 21

What are the most abundant and diverse (in terms of number of species) of the extant vertebrates?

back 21

ray-finned fishes

front 22

What is the single unique characteristic that distinguishes extant (not extinct) birds from other extant vertebrates?

back 22

feathers

front 23

Which of the following traits evolved first in hominids?

back 23

bipedalism

front 24

These hominids lived in Europe along with Homo sapiens

back 24

Neanderthals

front 25

What is the most specific group that includes both the Old World monkeys and the New World monkeys?

back 25

anthropoids

front 26

This is the first group to appear in the fossil record that can truly be called a vertebrate

back 26

lampreys

front 27

All chordates are vertebrates

back 27

false

front 28

all vertebrates are chordates

back 28

true

front 29

insects have __________pair(s) of wings

back 29

two

front 30

salamanders are

back 30

amphibians

front 31

In order for the four-chambered hearts of birds and mammals to be homologous, which other organisms would have to have had four-chambered hearts?

back 31

stem (very early) reptiles

front 32

Vertebrates and tunicates (sea squirts, Urochordata) share

back 32

a notochord and a dorsal, hollow nerve cord

front 33

Some animals that lived 530 mya resembled lancelets but had a brain and a skull. These animals may represent

back 33

early craniates

front 34

As hominins diverged from other primates, which of the following appeared first?

back 34

bidepal locomotion

front 35

I, like Professor Stevens, am an African American because my ancestors evolved in Africa

back 35

TRUE

front 36

Barnacles are

back 36

crustaceans

front 37

A fungal pathogen is just one of several causes for the alarming decline in which group of vertebrates

back 37

amphibians

front 38

Chordates have a _____________ nerve cord

back 38

dorsal

front 39

Lungs and the digestive system evolve from which layer?

back 39

endoderm

front 40

Animals that have eggs, but the eggs develop inside their mother (as in some sharks), and the young hatch from the egg while it is still inside the mother are called

back 40

ovoviviparous

front 41

One of these things is not an archosaur. Who is it?

back 41

turtle

front 42

Which group of mammals gives birth to live young that are very immature and spend most of their early development attached to a nipple drinking milk

back 42

marsupials

front 43

At one stage of early development, you were shaped like a hollow ball. This hollow ball shaped stage is called a

back 43

blastula

front 44

This thing belongs to which group?

back 44

sarcopterygii

front 45

The fungus body, such as a mushroom, is called a ____________

back 45

hyphae

front 46

This type of fungus is killing our beloved frogs _________________

back 46

chytrid

front 47

Deuterostomes have this type of cleavage_____________

back 47

indeterminate

front 48

Fungi have cell walls made of _______________

back 48

chitin

front 49

Chelicerata have _________ pairs of antennae

back 49

zero

front 50

The sessile stage of a jellyfish is called ______________

back 50

polyp

front 51

Molting, as when a caterpillar sheds its exoskeleton, is known as____________

back 51

ecdysis

front 52

A cocoon that larvae form before complete metamorphosis is better known as a_________

back 52

pupa

front 53

This is one feature birds and dinosaurs share_____________

back 53

feathers (many more possible answers)

front 54

Birds closest relatives were____________

back 54

dinosaurs

front 55

Egg laying mammals are called

back 55

monotremes

front 56

Kangaroos have a tripartite (3 part)______________

back 56

vagina

front 57

Sharks have skeletons made of ____________

back 57

Cartilage

front 58

Amphibian skin is ______________

back 58

not waterproof

front 59

Fish and other vertebrates that have jaws are called_____________

back 59

gnathosomes

front 60

__________________is the weedkiller that Tyrone Hayes found to chemically castrate frogs

back 60

Atrazine

front 61

The______________surrounds the embryo and holds water in reptiles, birds, and mammals

back 61

amniotic sac

front 62

The ___________is the membrane that stores waste in embryonic birds and reptiles

back 62

allantois