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Microbial Diseases of the Cardio & Lymph System

1.

Lymph nodes contain:

  • Macrophages
  • B cells
  • T cells
2.

Sepsis

systemic inflammatory response

3.

Septicema

pathogens/toxins in blood

4.

Severe sepsis

sepsis + decreased blood pressure

5.

Septic shock

sepsis + uncontrollable decreased blood pressure

6.

Lymphangitis

  • Inflammed lymph vessels
  • accompany septicemia & septic shock
7.

gram-NEGATIVE sepsis (ENDOtoxins)

  • septic shock
  • ENDOTOXINS - decrease blood pressure
  • antibiotics can worsen
8.

Treatment for gram-NEGATIVE sepsis

protein C (anti-coagulant)

9.

gram-POSITIVE sepsis (EXOtoxins)

Nosocomial infections

  • antibiotic-resistant
10.

nosocomial infections

  • S. aureus
  • S. pyogenes
  • S. agalactiae (group B strep)
  • E. faecalis
11.

Puerperal Sepsis (Childbirth Fever)

S. pyogenes

12.

Bacterial infections of the heart

  • Endocarditis
  • Subacute bacterial endocarditis
  • Acute bacterial endocarditis
  • Pericarditis
13.

Endocarditis

(inner layer of heart)

Inflammation of the endocardium

14.

Acute Bacterial Endocarditis

S. aureus

  • from mouth
15.

Sub-acute Bacterial Endocarditis

Strep

  • from mouth
16.

Pericarditis

Strep

17.

Rheumatic fever is an autoimmune complication of

S. pyogenes infections (strep throat)

  • inflammed heart valves
18.

Tularemia

"rabbit fever"

Francisella tularensis

  • zoonosis (rabbits/deer)
19.

Tularemia is transmitted by:

deer fly (vector)

20.

Brucellosis

"undulant fever"

Brucella

  • grow in phagocytes
  • fever spikes each evening
21.

Brucellosis is transmitted via

milk or direct contact with infected animal

22.

Brucellosis:

  • B. abortus

elk, bison, cows

23.

Brucellosis:

  • B. suis

swine

24.

Brucellosis:

  • B. melitensis

goats, sheep, camels

25.

Anthrax

Bacillus anthracis

  • found in soil (aerobe)
  • cattle routinely vaccinated
26.

Gastrointestinal (GI) anthrax

  • ingest bad food
  • 50% mortality
27.

Inhalation (pulmonary) anthrax

  • inhale endospores
  • 100% mortality
28.

Gas gangrene

Clostridium perfingens

  • grows in necrotic tissue
29.

ischemia

loss of blood supply to tissue

30.

Necrosis

death of tissue

31.

Gangrene

death of soft tissue

32.

Systemic Diseases caused by bites & scratches

  • Bacteroides
  • Bartonella henselae
  • Clostridium
  • Fusobacterium
  • Pasturella multocida
33.

Bartonella henselae

Cat Scratch Disease

34.

Vector- transmitted Diseases:

  • Reservoir: Rodents
  • Vector: Arthropods (tick, flea)
  • Plague
  • Relapsing fever
  • Lyme disease
  • Typhus
35.

Plague

Yersinia pestis

36.

Bubonic plague

bacterial growth in blood & lymph

37.

Septicemia plague

septic shock

38.

Pneumonic plague

bacteria in the lungs

39.

Relapsing Fever

Borrelia

  • ticks
40.

T/F: successive relapses are less severe in Relapsing Fever?

True

41.

Lyme Disease

Borrelia burgdorferi

  • tick (vector)
42.

Lyme Disease:

3 phases of symptoms

  1. Bull's-eye rash
  2. encephalitis, irregular heartbeat
  3. arthritis
43.

Typhus

Rickettsia

  • obligate parasites
44.

Epidemic Typhus

R. prowazekii

  • louse feces rub in wound
45.

Endemic Murine Typhus

R. typhi

46.

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

R. rickettsii

  • rash on PALMS & SOLES of hands & feet
47.

Viral Diseases of the Cardio & Lymph System:

  • Burkitt's Lymphoma
  • Infectious Mono
  • CMV
  • Chikungunya Fever
  • Yellow Fever
  • Dengue
  • Marbug Fever
  • Ebola
  • Lassa Fever
  • Hanta Pulmonary Syndrome
48.

What 2 viruses are caused by the EB virus (HHV-4)

  • Burkitt's Lymphoma
  • Mono
49.

Burkitt's Lymphoma

Epstein-Barr (EB) virus (HHV-4)

  • nasopharyngeal cancer
  • cancer in patients with Malaria or AIDS
50.

Burkitt's Lymphoma cancer in immuno-suppressed patients with:

  • AIDS
  • Malaria
51.

Mononucleosis (Mono)

Epstein-Barr (EB) virus (HHV-4)

  • transmitted via saliva
52.

Cytomegalovirus - CMV

HHV-5

  • cells swell (WBC)
53.

What are ways Cytomegalovirus is transmitted

  • across the placenta (causes mental retardation)
  • sex
  • blood
  • transplanted tissue
54.

VIRAL Hemorrhagic Fevers:

  • Yellow
  • Dengue
  • Marburg
  • Ebola
  • Lassa
  • Argentine & Bolivian
  • Hantavirus
55.

Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers:

Yellow Fever & Dengue

Abroviruses

  • transmitted via arthropods
56.

Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers:

Marburg, Ebola, Lassa, Argentine, Bolivian, Whitewater Arroyo:

Filovirus & Arenavirus

  • contact w/ blood
57.

Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers:

Hantavirus

Bunyavirus

  • inhalation of rodent excretions
58.

Protozoan Diseases of the Cardio & Lymph System:

  • Chaga's Disease
  • Toxoplasmosis
  • Malaria
59.

Chaga's Disease (American Trypanosomiasis)

T. cruzi

  • kissing bug
60.

Toxoplasmosis

T. gondii

61.

Toxoplasmosis is transmitted by

  • bad food
  • contact w/ cat feces
62.

Congenital infection of Toxoplasmosis

  • stillbirth
  • neurological damage
63.

Malaria

Plasmodium (protozoa parasite)

  • P. vivax
  • P.ovale
  • P. malariae
  • P. falciparum
64.

Plasmodium - 4 forms

(malaria)

  • P. vivax
  • P.ovale
  • P. malariae
  • P. falciparum
65.

The host & vector of Malaria

Anopheles MOSQUITO

*control with bed nets

66.

Prevention (prophylaxis) of Malaria

  • Chloroquine
  • Malarone
  • Mefloquine
67.

Treatment for Malaria

Artemisin

68.

Bacterial Biological Weapons

  • Bacillus
  • Brucella
  • Chlaymdia
  • Clostridium
  • Francisella
  • Rickettsia
  • Shigella
  • Vibrio
  • Yersinia
69.

Viral Biological Weapons

  • Polio
  • Measles
  • Encephalitis
  • Hemorrhagic fevers
  • Influenza A
  • Monkeypox
  • Niphrah
  • Smallpox
  • Yellow Fever