Lymph nodes contain:

• Macrophages
• B cells
• T cells

Sepsis

systemic inflammatory response

Septicema

pathogens/toxins in blood

Severe sepsis

sepsis + decreased blood pressure

Septic shock

sepsis + uncontrollable decreased blood pressure

Lymphangitis

• Inflammed lymph vessels
• accompany septicemia & septic shock

gram-NEGATIVE sepsis (ENDOtoxins)

• septic shock
• ENDOTOXINS - decrease blood pressure
• antibiotics can worsen

Treatment for gram-NEGATIVE sepsis

protein C (anti-coagulant)

gram-POSITIVE sepsis (EXOtoxins)

Nosocomial infections

• antibiotic-resistant

nosocomial infections

• S. aureus
• S. pyogenes
• S. agalactiae (group B strep)
• E. faecalis

Puerperal Sepsis (Childbirth Fever)

S. pyogenes

Bacterial infections of the heart

• Endocarditis
• Subacute bacterial endocarditis
• Acute bacterial endocarditis
• Pericarditis

Endocarditis

(inner layer of heart)

Inflammation of the endocardium

Acute Bacterial Endocarditis

S. aureus

• from mouth

Sub-acute Bacterial Endocarditis

Strep

• from mouth

Pericarditis

Strep

Rheumatic fever is an autoimmune complication of

S. pyogenes infections (strep throat)

• inflammed heart valves

Tularemia

"rabbit fever"

Francisella tularensis

• zoonosis (rabbits/deer)

Tularemia is transmitted by:

deer fly (vector)

Brucellosis

"undulant fever"

Brucella

• grow in phagocytes
• fever spikes each evening

Brucellosis is transmitted via

milk or direct contact with infected animal

Brucellosis:

• B. abortus

elk, bison, cows

Brucellosis:

• B. suis

swine

Brucellosis:

• B. melitensis

goats, sheep, camels

Anthrax

Bacillus anthracis

• found in soil (aerobe)
• cattle routinely vaccinated

Gastrointestinal (GI) anthrax

• ingest bad food
• 50% mortality

Inhalation (pulmonary) anthrax

• inhale endospores
• 100% mortality

Gas gangrene

Clostridium perfingens

• grows in necrotic tissue

ischemia

loss of blood supply to tissue

Necrosis

death of tissue

Gangrene

death of soft tissue

Systemic Diseases caused by bites & scratches

• Bacteroides
• Bartonella henselae
• Clostridium
• Fusobacterium
• Pasturella multocida

Bartonella henselae

Cat Scratch Disease

Vector- transmitted Diseases:

• Reservoir: Rodents
• Vector: Arthropods (tick, flea)

• Plague
• Relapsing fever
• Lyme disease
• Typhus

Plague

Yersinia pestis

Bubonic plague

bacterial growth in blood & lymph

Septicemia plague

septic shock

Pneumonic plague

bacteria in the lungs

Relapsing Fever

Borrelia

• ticks

T/F: successive relapses are less severe in Relapsing Fever?

True

Lyme Disease

Borrelia burgdorferi

• tick (vector)

Lyme Disease:

3 phases of symptoms

1. Bull's-eye rash
2. encephalitis, irregular heartbeat
3. arthritis

Typhus

Rickettsia

• obligate parasites

Epidemic Typhus

R. prowazekii

• louse feces rub in wound

Endemic Murine Typhus

R. typhi

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

R. rickettsii

• rash on PALMS & SOLES of hands & feet

Viral Diseases of the Cardio & Lymph System:

• Burkitt's Lymphoma
• Infectious Mono
• CMV
• Chikungunya Fever
• Yellow Fever
• Dengue
• Marbug Fever
• Ebola
• Lassa Fever
• Hanta Pulmonary Syndrome

What 2 viruses are caused by the EB virus (HHV-4)

• Burkitt's Lymphoma
• Mono

Burkitt's Lymphoma

Epstein-Barr (EB) virus (HHV-4)

• nasopharyngeal cancer
• cancer in patients with Malaria or AIDS

Burkitt's Lymphoma cancer in immuno-suppressed patients with:

• AIDS
• Malaria

Mononucleosis (Mono)

Epstein-Barr (EB) virus (HHV-4)

• transmitted via saliva

Cytomegalovirus - CMV

HHV-5

• cells swell (WBC)

What are ways Cytomegalovirus is transmitted

• across the placenta (causes mental retardation)
• sex
• blood
• transplanted tissue

VIRAL Hemorrhagic Fevers:

• Yellow
• Dengue
• Marburg
• Ebola
• Lassa
• Argentine & Bolivian
• Hantavirus

Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers:

Yellow Fever & Dengue

Abroviruses

• transmitted via arthropods

Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers:

Marburg, Ebola, Lassa, Argentine, Bolivian, Whitewater Arroyo:

Filovirus & Arenavirus

• contact w/ blood

Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers:

Hantavirus

Bunyavirus

• inhalation of rodent excretions

Protozoan Diseases of the Cardio & Lymph System:

• Chaga's Disease
• Toxoplasmosis
• Malaria

Chaga's Disease (American Trypanosomiasis)

T. cruzi

• kissing bug

Toxoplasmosis

T. gondii

Toxoplasmosis is transmitted by

• bad food
• contact w/ cat feces

Congenital infection of Toxoplasmosis

• stillbirth
• neurological damage

Malaria

Plasmodium (protozoa parasite)

• P. vivax
• P.ovale
• P. malariae
• P. falciparum

Plasmodium - 4 forms

(malaria)

• P. vivax
• P.ovale
• P. malariae
• P. falciparum

The host & vector of Malaria

Anopheles MOSQUITO

*control with bed nets

Prevention (prophylaxis) of Malaria

• Chloroquine
• Malarone
• Mefloquine

Treatment for Malaria

Artemisin

Bacterial Biological Weapons

• Bacillus
• Brucella
• Chlaymdia
• Clostridium
• Francisella
• Rickettsia
• Shigella
• Vibrio
• Yersinia

Viral Biological Weapons

• Polio
• Measles
• Encephalitis
• Hemorrhagic fevers
• Influenza A
• Monkeypox
• Niphrah
• Smallpox
• Yellow Fever