Which of the following individuals or groups of individuals demonstrated that the transforming principle was DNA?

Avery, McLeod and McCarty

Griffith

Hershey & Chase

Watson & Crick

“Avery, McLeod and McCarty

The principle of transformation was first demonstrated by which of the following individuals or groups of individuals?

“Avery, McLeod and McCarty

Griffith

Hershey & Chase

Watson & Crick

Griffith

“Hershey and Chase demonstrated that when the bacteriophage T2 infected its host cell, the __________ is injected into the host but the __________ remained outside. “

DNA; RNA

RNA; protein

protein; RNA

DNA; protein

DNA; protein

The genetic information in DNA is divided into units called

Proteins

Genes

Genotype

Phenotype

Genes

Which of the following is true about the structure of DNA?

Purine and pyrimidine bases are attached to the 1'-carbon of the deoxyribose sugars.

Purine and pyrimidine bases are joined by phosphodiester bonds.

"Adjacent bases are stacked on top of each other, one base pair every 0.34 nm."

All of the above are true.

All of the above are true.

Purine and pyrimidine bases are attached to the 1'-carbon of the deoxyribose sugars.

Purine and pyrimidine bases are joined by phosphodiester bonds.

"Adjacent bases are stacked on top of each other, one base pair every 0.34 nm."

Which of the following is not a pyrimidine?

Adenine

Cytosine

Thymine

Uracil

Adenine

The two strands of a DNA molecule are __________; that is, they are oriented in opposite directions.

parallel

reverse parallel

antiparallel

co-parallel

antiparallel

"When a DNA molecule is replicated, the daughter molecules contain one strand of parental DNA and one strand of newly synthesized DNA; this is called __________ replication.

hemiconservative

conservative

semiconservative

dispersive

semiconservative

The chromosomes of most bacteria are comprised of

double-stranded circular molecules

double-stranded linear molecules

single-stranded circular molecules

single-stranded linear molecules

double-stranded circular molecules

Each chromosome has one or more __________ site(s) where replication begins.

promoter

replicon

origin

bifurcate

origin

During replication the 2 strands of the DNA molecule are unwound from one another by enzymes called

ligases.

unwindases.

helicases.

primases

helicases.

"The coding sequence in the DNA of __________ is normally continuous; that is, it is not interrupted by noncoding sequences. "

prokaryotes

plants

mammals

most insects

prokaryotes

13.The process by which the base sequence of all or a portion of a DNA molecule is used to direct the synthesis of an RNA molecule is called

replication.

transcription.

reverse transcription.

Translation

transcription

The region at which the RNA polymerase binds is the __________ region.

leader

promoter

coding

trailer

promoter

The transcribed, but not translated, sequence that is immediately upstream of the region that encodes the functional product is called the __________ region. "

leader

promoter

coding

trailer

leader

The transcribed and translated region of a gene is the __________ region.

leader

promoter

coding

trailer

coding

The unexpressed regions of split genes are called

exons.

endons.

introns.

codons.

introns

The strand of DNA for a particular gene that is copied by the RNA polymerase to form mRNA is called the __________ strand

leading

template

transcription

copy

template

Messenger RNA molecules that direct the synthesis of more than one polypeptide are said to be __________.

conserved

monogenous

multiplicative

polycistronic

polycistronic

A consensus sequence in the untranslated leader sequence of a prokaryotic mRNA which serves as a ribosome binding site is called the __________ sequence.

Shine-Dalgarno

Griffith

Hershey-Chase

Avery

Shine-Dalgarno

The process by which the base sequence of an RNA molecule is used to direct the synthesis of a protein is called

replication.

transcription.

reverse transcription.

translation.

translation.

________ molecules deliver amino acids to ribosomes during translation.

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA)

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Which of the following is not a termination codon?

AUG

UAA

UAG

UGA

AUG

The portion of the tRNA molecule that binds to the codon on the mRNA is called the

c-codon.

anticodon.

complementary codon.

paracodon

anticodon.

What is the minimum number of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzymes needed to attach amino acids to all the various tRNA molecules?

20

61

64

as many as there are different tRNAs.

20

In __________ ribosomes can attach to the mRNA and begin translation even though transcription has not been complete

prokaryotes

eukaryotes

fungi

All of the above

prokaryotes

The energy needed for protein synthesis is provided by the hydrolysis of

ATP.

GTP.

UTP.

ATP and GTP.

ATP and GTP.

___________ in proteins includes alpha-helixes and beta-pleated sheets.

Primary structure

Secondary structure

Tertiary structure

Quaternary structure

Secondary structure

What are used to regulate protein folding to minimize the risk of protein mis-folding?

Gyrases

Topoisomerases

ATPases

Chaperones

Chaperones

A gram negative bacterium wishes to secrete a previously-folded virulence factor. Which of the following secretion systems would be used to accomplish this?

Sec-dependent pathway

Type I SS

Type II SS

Type VI SS

Type II SS