Which of the following individuals or groups of individuals demonstrated that the transforming principle was DNA?
Avery, McLeod and McCarty
Griffith
Hershey & Chase
Watson & Crick
“Avery, McLeod and McCarty
The principle of transformation was first demonstrated by which of the following individuals or groups of individuals?
“Avery, McLeod and McCarty
Griffith
Hershey & Chase
Watson & Crick
Griffith
“Hershey and Chase demonstrated that when the bacteriophage T2 infected its host cell, the __________ is injected into the host but the __________ remained outside. “
DNA; RNA
RNA; protein
protein; RNA
DNA; protein
DNA; protein
The genetic information in DNA is divided into units called
Proteins
Genes
Genotype
Phenotype
Genes
Which of the following is true about the structure of DNA?
Purine and pyrimidine bases are attached to the 1'-carbon of the deoxyribose sugars.
Purine and pyrimidine bases are joined by phosphodiester bonds.
"Adjacent bases are stacked on top of each other, one base pair every 0.34 nm."
All of the above are true.
All of the above are true.
Purine and pyrimidine bases are attached to the 1'-carbon of the deoxyribose sugars.
Purine and pyrimidine bases are joined by phosphodiester bonds.
"Adjacent bases are stacked on top of each other, one base pair every 0.34 nm."
Which of the following is not a pyrimidine?
Adenine
Cytosine
Thymine
Uracil
Adenine
The two strands of a DNA molecule are __________; that is, they are oriented in opposite directions.
parallel
reverse parallel
antiparallel
co-parallel
antiparallel
"When a DNA molecule is replicated, the daughter molecules contain one strand of parental DNA and one strand of newly synthesized DNA; this is called __________ replication.
hemiconservative
conservative
semiconservative
dispersive
semiconservative
The chromosomes of most bacteria are comprised of
double-stranded circular molecules
double-stranded linear molecules
single-stranded circular molecules
single-stranded linear molecules
double-stranded circular molecules
Each chromosome has one or more __________ site(s) where replication begins.
promoter
replicon
origin
bifurcate
origin
During replication the 2 strands of the DNA molecule are unwound from one another by enzymes called
ligases.
unwindases.
helicases.
primases
helicases.
"The coding sequence in the DNA of __________ is normally continuous; that is, it is not interrupted by noncoding sequences. "
prokaryotes
plants
mammals
most insects
prokaryotes
13.The process by which the base sequence of all or a portion of a DNA molecule is used to direct the synthesis of an RNA molecule is called
replication.
transcription.
reverse transcription.
Translation
transcription
The region at which the RNA polymerase binds is the __________ region.
leader
promoter
coding
trailer
promoter
The transcribed, but not translated, sequence that is immediately upstream of the region that encodes the functional product is called the __________ region. "
leader
promoter
coding
trailer
leader
The transcribed and translated region of a gene is the __________ region.
leader
promoter
coding
trailer
coding
The unexpressed regions of split genes are called
exons.
endons.
introns.
codons.
introns
The strand of DNA for a particular gene that is copied by the RNA polymerase to form mRNA is called the __________ strand
leading
template
transcription
copy
template
Messenger RNA molecules that direct the synthesis of more than one polypeptide are said to be __________.
conserved
monogenous
multiplicative
polycistronic
polycistronic
A consensus sequence in the untranslated leader sequence of a prokaryotic mRNA which serves as a ribosome binding site is called the __________ sequence.
Shine-Dalgarno
Griffith
Hershey-Chase
Avery
Shine-Dalgarno
The process by which the base sequence of an RNA molecule is used to direct the synthesis of a protein is called
replication.
transcription.
reverse transcription.
translation.
translation.
________ molecules deliver amino acids to ribosomes during translation.
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Which of the following is not a termination codon?
AUG
UAA
UAG
UGA
AUG
The portion of the tRNA molecule that binds to the codon on the mRNA is called the
c-codon.
anticodon.
complementary codon.
paracodon
anticodon.
What is the minimum number of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzymes needed to attach amino acids to all the various tRNA molecules?
20
61
64
as many as there are different tRNAs.
20
In __________ ribosomes can attach to the mRNA and begin translation even though transcription has not been complete
prokaryotes
eukaryotes
fungi
All of the above
prokaryotes
The energy needed for protein synthesis is provided by the hydrolysis of
ATP.
GTP.
UTP.
ATP and GTP.
ATP and GTP.
___________ in proteins includes alpha-helixes and beta-pleated sheets.
Primary structure
Secondary structure
Tertiary structure
Quaternary structure
Secondary structure
What are used to regulate protein folding to minimize the risk of protein mis-folding?
Gyrases
Topoisomerases
ATPases
Chaperones
Chaperones
A gram negative bacterium wishes to secrete a previously-folded virulence factor. Which of the following secretion systems would be used to accomplish this?
Sec-dependent pathway
Type I SS
Type II SS
Type VI SS
Type II SS