Dissociate in water

Electrolytes

Do not dissociate

Nonelectrolytes

The fluid compartments outside the cell

Extracellular

Fluid compartments located within the cell

Intracellular

Spaces between cells

Interstitial

Magnesium excess

Hypermagnesemia

Calcium depletion

Hypocalcemia

Sodium excess

Hypernatremia

Potassium excess

Hyperkalemia

Sodium depletion

Hyponatremia

An atypical accumulation of the fluid in the interstitial space

Edema

A condition of unusually low levels of plasma proteins resulting in tissue edema

Hypoproteinemia

A disorder entailing deficient mineralocorticoid hormone production by the adrenal cortex

Addison's Disease

Regulates sodium ion concentrations in the extracellular fluid

Aldosterone

A condition due to excessive water intake that results in net osmosis into tissue cells. This leads to severe metabolic disturbances.

Hypoproteinemia

Sodium ions are highest in..

Blood Plasma

Potassium ions are highest in...

Intracellular Fluid

Phosphate ions are highest in...

Intracellular fluid

Bicarbonate ions are highest in...

Interstitial fluid

Proteins are highest in...

Intracellular fluid

The body's water volume is closely tied to the level of which of the following ions?

Sodium ions

Hypoproteinemia is a condition of usually low levels of plasma proteins. This problem is often characterized by ______ .

Tissue edema

Which of the following hormones is important in the regulation of sodium ion concentrations in the extracellular fluid?

Aldosterone

Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that is made in the atria of the heart. The influence of this hormone is to ______ .

reduce blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting sodium and water retention

Respiratory acidosis can occur when...

a person's breathing is shallow due to obstruction

Total body water is not a function of which of the following?

amount of water ingested

Which of the choices below exerts primary control over sodium levels in the body?

aldosterone

Where as sodium is found mainly in the extracellular fluid, most ______ is found in the intracellular fluid.

Potassium

Which of the following describes the distribution of sodium and potassium between cells and body fluids?

K+ mainly in the cells, Na+ in the body fluids

Problems with fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance are particularly common in infants because of their ______.

Inefficient kidneys

The single most important factor influencing potassium ion secretion is _____.

Potassium ion concentration in blood plasma

Which of the following is not a chemical buffer system?

Nucleic acid

Which of the following hormones is important in stimulating water conversation in the kidneys?

Antidiuretic hormone

The maintenance of the proper pH of the body fluids may be the result of ________ .

The control of respiratory ventilation

The regulation of sodium _______ .

is linked to blood pressure

Blood analysis indicates a low pH, and the patient is breathing rapidly. Given your knowledge of acid-base balance, which of the following is most likely?

Metabolic acidosis

A patient is breathing slowly and blood pH analysis indicates an abnormally high value. What is the likely diagnosis?

Metabolic alkalosis

One of the major physiological factors that triggers thirst is _______ .

a rise in plasma osmolality

Annie has just eaten a large order of heavily salted french fries, some pickled eggs, and some cheese. How will consuming this much affect her physiology?

There will be a temporary increase in blood volume.