Dissociate in water
Electrolytes
Do not dissociate
Nonelectrolytes
The fluid compartments outside the cell
Extracellular
Fluid compartments located within the cell
Intracellular
Spaces between cells
Interstitial
Magnesium excess
Hypermagnesemia
Calcium depletion
Hypocalcemia
Sodium excess
Hypernatremia
Potassium excess
Hyperkalemia
Sodium depletion
Hyponatremia
An atypical accumulation of the fluid in the interstitial space
Edema
A condition of unusually low levels of plasma proteins resulting in tissue edema
Hypoproteinemia
A disorder entailing deficient mineralocorticoid hormone production by the adrenal cortex
Addison's Disease
Regulates sodium ion concentrations in the extracellular fluid
Aldosterone
A condition due to excessive water intake that results in net osmosis into tissue cells. This leads to severe metabolic disturbances.
Hypoproteinemia
Sodium ions are highest in..
Blood Plasma
Potassium ions are highest in...
Intracellular Fluid
Phosphate ions are highest in...
Intracellular fluid
Bicarbonate ions are highest in...
Interstitial fluid
Proteins are highest in...
Intracellular fluid
The body's water volume is closely tied to the level of which of the following ions?
Sodium ions
Hypoproteinemia is a condition of usually low levels of plasma proteins. This problem is often characterized by ______ .
Tissue edema
Which of the following hormones is important in the regulation of sodium ion concentrations in the extracellular fluid?
Aldosterone
Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that is made in the atria of the heart. The influence of this hormone is to ______ .
reduce blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting sodium and water retention
Respiratory acidosis can occur when...
a person's breathing is shallow due to obstruction
Total body water is not a function of which of the following?
amount of water ingested
Which of the choices below exerts primary control over sodium levels in the body?
aldosterone
Where as sodium is found mainly in the extracellular fluid, most ______ is found in the intracellular fluid.
Potassium
Which of the following describes the distribution of sodium and potassium between cells and body fluids?
K+ mainly in the cells, Na+ in the body fluids
Problems with fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance are particularly common in infants because of their ______.
Inefficient kidneys
The single most important factor influencing potassium ion secretion is _____.
Potassium ion concentration in blood plasma
Which of the following is not a chemical buffer system?
Nucleic acid
Which of the following hormones is important in stimulating water conversation in the kidneys?
Antidiuretic hormone
The maintenance of the proper pH of the body fluids may be the result of ________ .
The control of respiratory ventilation
The regulation of sodium _______ .
is linked to blood pressure
Blood analysis indicates a low pH, and the patient is breathing rapidly. Given your knowledge of acid-base balance, which of the following is most likely?
Metabolic acidosis
A patient is breathing slowly and blood pH analysis indicates an abnormally high value. What is the likely diagnosis?
Metabolic alkalosis
One of the major physiological factors that triggers thirst is _______ .
a rise in plasma osmolality
Annie has just eaten a large order of heavily salted french fries, some pickled eggs, and some cheese. How will consuming this much affect her physiology?
There will be a temporary increase in blood volume.