Which of the following are classified as pyrimidines?

thymine and cytosine

What type of bond is formed between the hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of an adjacent nucleotide, forming the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA?

phosphodiester bond

What types of bonds are formed between complementary DNA bases?

hydrogen bonds

Based on the following replication bubble, which of these statements is true?

W and Y are leading strands, X and Z are lagging strands

In E. coli, replication begins at which chromosome site?

oriC

What is the DNA replication fork?

It is the site where the DNA helix opens to two single DNA strands.

Okazaki fragments form on the lagging strand during DNA replication.

True

DNA replication in eukaryotes

initiates at multiple origins

DNA replication proceeds

semiconservatively

DNA replication occurs by adding

dNTPs to the 3′ end of the daughter strand

What are two distinguishing features of RNA?

RNA has a ribose sugar and uracil nitrogenous base.

What is the role of a promoter region of a gene?

Recruit transcription factors that form the initiation complex.

Which region(s) of a gene are not found within the mRNA transcript?

promoter and termination region

ou want to design a drug that prevents transcription of eukaryotic mRNAs but does not affect transcription of other RNAs. What enzyme would you target?

RNA polymerase II

Which of the following is part of a DNA molecule?

Promoter

Which enzyme is required to initiate 5′ capping of eukaryotic mRNA transcripts by removing the terminal phosphate group?

guanylyl transferase

Which of the following bacterial RNA polymerase subunits is found in the holoenzyme, but not the core enzyme?

σ (sigma)

What is the general name for the components of the spliceosome, which removes introns from mRNAs?

small nuclear ribonucleoproteins

What are catalytically active RNAs that can activate processes such as self-splicing?

ribozymes

What is the purpose of alternative splicing in eukaryotic cells?

Produce multiple polypeptide sequences from a single primary transcript.