What are the ways to get C(Carbon) from

Either in a:

• Hetetroph: get it in an organic way by eating other organisms for their Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids
• Autotroph: get CO₂ Out of the Air, or in a way where they don't relly of other organisms

How much of the atmosphere is Nitrogen

79%

What are the ways to get Nitrogen

• Heterotroph: some bacteria and algae can Fix Nitrogen from NO₃, NO₂ or NH₃
• Get it from DNA, RNA and ATP

Why does N need to be converted to NH₃

So it can be combined with carbon to make amink acids

Whats the importancy of O₂ for microorganisms

• Its a component of lipids, Carbohydrates, nucleic acids and protein
• Its a component of organic salts _, Sulfate(SO₄), phosphate(PO₄) , nitrates(NO₃)
• Essential for Metabolic and enzymatic and structural functions of a cell

Whats the importancy of H₂

• Component in organic and inorganic compounds like water, salts and gases
• Used and produced by microbes
• Maintains pH
• Used to form hydrogen bonds between molecules
• Its a free energy in oxidation reduction reaction of respiration m

Where can you get phosphorous

From Phosphoric acid H₃PO₄ found in rocks and oceanic deposits

Whats the importancy of phosphorus

• Components in Nucleic acids
• Servers in energy transfer ATP

Where to find sulfur

In environmental rocks that have sulfate(SO₄), Sulfide(S₂) and hydrogen sulfade(H₂S)

Whats the use of sulfate

• Components of some vitamins and amino acids like cysteine and methionine
• Helps the stability of protein by forming disulfide bonds

Whats the use of potassium K

Protein synthesis ajd membrane functio

Whats the use of Sodium Na

Useful in cell transport

Whats calcium used for

Cell wall and endoscpore stabilising Ca

Whats magnesium used for Mg

• Component of chlorophyll
• Used in membrane and ribosomes stabilising

Whats iron used for Fe

Components of proteins and cell respiration

Define Neutralphiles

Microbes live in neutral pH

Define Obligate acidophiles

Microbes live in extreme acid pH

Define Alkaliphiles

Microbes live in extreme alkaline pH

Define psychrophilic

Microbes live in low temperature

Define Mesophilic

Microbes live normal body temperature 37 which includes most pathogens

Define Thermophilic

Microbes live in high temperature

Define Aerobe

Use oxygen and can detoxify it

Define obligate aerobe

Cannot grow without Oxygen

Define Facultative Anaerobe

Use oxygen but are able to live without it

Define Anaerobe

Don't use Oxygen

Define obligate Anaerobe

Cannot live in oxygen environments because it Can't detoxify it

Define aerotolerant Anaerobes

Microbes that don't use oxygen but can survive in an environment that have oxygen

Define Capnophile

Microbes that grown best in CO₂ environments

Define Halophiles

Need high concentration of Salts

Define Osmotolerant

Don't need high salt concentrated environments but can survive in it

Define Osmophiles

Can grow in high sugar concentration environments

Define Barophiles

Can handle extreme atmospheric pressure and will die in normal atmospheric pressure environment

Name examples of passive transport

1. Diffusion
2. Osmosis
3. Facilitated Diffusion

Name examples of active transport

1. Active transport
2. Group translocation
3. Bulk transport