2-Microbial nutrition Flashcards

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1

What are the ways to get C(Carbon) from

Either in a:

  • Hetetroph: get it in an organic way by eating other organisms for their Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids
  • Autotroph: get CO2 Out of the Air, or in a way where they don't relly of other organisms

2

How much of the atmosphere is Nitrogen

79%

3

What are the ways to get Nitrogen

  • Heterotroph: some bacteria and algae can Fix Nitrogen from NO3, NO2 or NH3
  • Get it from DNA, RNA and ATP

4

Why does N need to be converted to NH3

So it can be combined with carbon to make amink acids

5

Whats the importancy of O2 for microorganisms

  • Its a component of lipids, Carbohydrates, nucleic acids and protein
  • Its a component of organic salts , Sulfate(SO4), phosphate(PO4) , nitrates(NO3)
  • Essential for Metabolic and enzymatic and structural functions of a cell

6

Whats the importancy of H2

  • Component in organic and inorganic compounds like water, salts and gases
  • Used and produced by microbes
  • Maintains pH
  • Used to form hydrogen bonds between molecules
  • Its a free energy in oxidation reduction reaction of respiration m

7

Where can you get phosphorous

From Phosphoric acid H3PO4 found in rocks and oceanic deposits

8

Whats the importancy of phosphorus

  • Components in Nucleic acids
  • Servers in energy transfer ATP

9

Where to find sulfur

In environmental rocks that have sulfate(SO4), Sulfide(S2) and hydrogen sulfade(H2S)

10

Whats the use of sulfate

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  • Components of some vitamins and amino acids like cysteine and methionine
  • Helps the stability of protein by forming disulfide bonds

11

Whats the use of potassium K

Protein synthesis ajd membrane functio

12

Whats the use of Sodium Na

Useful in cell transport

13

Whats calcium used for

Cell wall and endoscpore stabilising Ca

14

Whats magnesium used for Mg

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  • Component of chlorophyll
  • Used in membrane and ribosomes stabilising

15

Whats iron used for Fe

Components of proteins and cell respiration

16

Define Neutralphiles

Microbes live in neutral pH

17

Define Obligate acidophiles

Microbes live in extreme acid pH

18

Define Alkaliphiles

Microbes live in extreme alkaline pH

19

Define psychrophilic

Microbes live in low temperature

20

Define Mesophilic

Microbes live normal body temperature 37 which includes most pathogens

21

Define Thermophilic

Microbes live in high temperature

22

Define Aerobe

Use oxygen and can detoxify it

23

Define obligate aerobe

Cannot grow without Oxygen

24

Define Facultative Anaerobe

Use oxygen but are able to live without it

25

Define Anaerobe

Don't use Oxygen

26

Define obligate Anaerobe

Cannot live in oxygen environments because it Can't detoxify it

27

Define aerotolerant Anaerobes

Microbes that don't use oxygen but can survive in an environment that have oxygen

28

Define Capnophile

Microbes that grown best in CO2 environments

29

Define Halophiles

Need high concentration of Salts

30

Define Osmotolerant

Don't need high salt concentrated environments but can survive in it

31

Define Osmophiles

Can grow in high sugar concentration environments

32

Define Barophiles

Can handle extreme atmospheric pressure and will die in normal atmospheric pressure environment

33

Name examples of passive transport

  1. Diffusion
  2. Osmosis
  3. Facilitated Diffusion

34

Name examples of active transport

  1. Active transport
  2. Group translocation
  3. Bulk transport