What does pH measure?

It measures H+ and OH- concentrations

The Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation defines pH. What is it?

pH=pKa+log(base/acid)

The larger the Ka, the _____ the acid.

Stronger

Acids are a proton ______

Donor

Bases are a proton ______

Acceptor

Strong Acids and Bases ______ dissociate

Completely

Weak Acids and Bases ______ dissociate

Partially

What is a conjugate?

A species that differs by only 1 hydrogen

Is water and Acid or a Base?

It is both. It can accept a proton to become a hydronium ion (H3O+), or it can donate a proton to become an OH-

When pH = pKa, the amounts of Bases and Acids are _____

Equal (=)

When pH < pKa, Bases ____ Acids

Are less than

When pH > pKa, Bases _____ Acids

Are greater than

Strong Acids have ____ Ka and _____ pKa

High, low

Weak Acids have _____ Ka and _____ pKa

Low, High

What is an Equivalence Point?

When enough base was added to completely neutralize the acid and only the conjugate base is left

What is the Half Equivalence Point?

When half of the Acid has been neutralized and turned into its conjugate base

What is a buffering region comprised of?

Mainly acids and a little conjugate base

Monoprotic acids have ___ ionizable H+, Diprotic acids have ____ionizable H+ and Triprotic acids have ____ ionizable H+. How many pKas does each type of acid have?

1, 2, 3, and [1, 2, 3]

Buffers are there to ______

Prevent extreme changes in pH if a small amount of base or acid is added

What are Acid-Base buffers made of?

A combo of weak acid or base and its conjugate.

When there is a buffer, pH changes ______, compared to changing ______ when there is no buffer

gradually, abruptly

Define a buffer capacity and when it is most efficient

It is the ability of a buffer to resist changes in pH measured in mM. It is most efficient at the half equivalence point.

Why are buffers crucial in Biological Systems? Such as in blood.

They keep pH constant at a level where the systems can efficiently operate without problems

What is acidosis?

When the pH of blood plasma reaches below the normal value of 7.4. Such as in cases like severe, uncontrolled diabetes.

What is alkalosis?

When the pH of blood plasma reaches above the normal value of 7.4