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Viewing:

BCH100 Lecture 2: Acids, Bases, and Buffers

front 1

What does pH measure?

back 1

It measures H+ and OH- concentrations

front 2

The Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation defines pH. What is it?

back 2

pH=pKa+log(base/acid)

front 3

The larger the Ka, the _____ the acid.

back 3

Stronger

front 4

Acids are a proton ______

back 4

Donor

front 5

Bases are a proton ______

back 5

Acceptor

front 6

Strong Acids and Bases ______ dissociate

back 6

Completely

front 7

Weak Acids and Bases ______ dissociate

back 7

Partially

front 8

What is a conjugate?

back 8

A species that differs by only 1 hydrogen

front 9

Is water and Acid or a Base?

back 9

It is both. It can accept a proton to become a hydronium ion (H3O+), or it can donate a proton to become an OH-

front 10

When pH = pKa, the amounts of Bases and Acids are _____

back 10

Equal (=)

front 11

When pH < pKa, Bases ____ Acids

back 11

Are less than

front 12

When pH > pKa, Bases _____ Acids

back 12

Are greater than

front 13

Strong Acids have ____ Ka and _____ pKa

back 13

High, low

front 14

Weak Acids have _____ Ka and _____ pKa

back 14

Low, High

front 15

What is an Equivalence Point?

back 15

When enough base was added to completely neutralize the acid and only the conjugate base is left

front 16

What is the Half Equivalence Point?

back 16

When half of the Acid has been neutralized and turned into its conjugate base

front 17

What is a buffering region comprised of?

back 17

Mainly acids and a little conjugate base

front 18

Monoprotic acids have ___ ionizable H+, Diprotic acids have ____ionizable H+ and Triprotic acids have ____ ionizable H+. How many pKas does each type of acid have?

back 18

1, 2, 3, and [1, 2, 3]

front 19

Buffers are there to ______

back 19

Prevent extreme changes in pH if a small amount of base or acid is added

front 20

What are Acid-Base buffers made of?

back 20

A combo of weak acid or base and its conjugate.

front 21

When there is a buffer, pH changes ______, compared to changing ______ when there is no buffer

back 21

gradually, abruptly

front 22

Define a buffer capacity and when it is most efficient

back 22

It is the ability of a buffer to resist changes in pH measured in mM. It is most efficient at the half equivalence point.

front 23

Why are buffers crucial in Biological Systems? Such as in blood.

back 23

They keep pH constant at a level where the systems can efficiently operate without problems

front 24

What is acidosis?

back 24

When the pH of blood plasma reaches below the normal value of 7.4. Such as in cases like severe, uncontrolled diabetes.

front 25

What is alkalosis?

back 25

When the pH of blood plasma reaches above the normal value of 7.4