Physiology

Study of functions of living organisms and their parts

Pathology

Scientific study of disease

Anatomy

Study of structure of an organism and relationships of its parts

Levels of Organization

chemical level, organelle levels, cellular level, tissue level organ level, and organism level

Anatomical Position (Cont.)

Body is standing erect with the feet slightly apart and arms at the sides with palms turned forward

Superior

Toward the head, upper, above

Inferior

Toward the feet, lower, below

Anterior

Front, in front of (same as ventral in humans)

Posterior

Back, in back of (same as dorsal in humans)

Medial

Toward the midline of a structure

Lateral

Away from the midline or toward the side of a structure

Proximal

Toward or nearest the trunk, or nearest the point of origin of a structure

Distal

Away from or farthest from the trunk, or farthest from a structure’s point of origin

Superficial

Nearer the body surface

Deep

Farther away from the body surface

Major body cavities

Dorsal cavity (brain)cranial activity and spinal activity

Ventral cavity, Thoracic cavity, mediastinum (mid portion where heart n trachea are located in, and pleural cavities (depending which side of lung ur identifying)

Negative feedback

Signaling the brain to bring the body back to normal

Positive feedback

body intensify until it goes back to normal