Why are open reading frames important, what do they indicate, and how many are there on single-stranded DNA?

part of a reading frame that contain no stop codons, sequence of nucleotide triplets read as codons specifying amino acids, a single strand of DNA has THREE possible reading frames, long ORFs indicate candidate coding regions

What are the programs and databases are used to annotate, and what does each program and database tell us

DNA Master – our genome editor

Glimmer, GeneMark (Starts/Stops)

NCBI, PhagesDB, HHPred (Blast data)

Phamerator, Starterator (Comparative data)

What is the difference between a gene and gene product?

a gene is a fundamental unit of heredity, a gene product is biochemical material produced as a result of gene expression

What is the difference between a DNA sequence and gene product sequence?

DNA Sequence: nucleotides

Gene Product: amino acids

Why is synteny important in the annotation process?

framework for identifying conserved homologous genes and their gene order between genomes of different species

STOP CODONS!

TAG, TGA, TAA

START CODONS!

ATG, GTG, TTG