What do plant cells lack compared to animal?

Centrosome containing Centrioles

Eukaryotic Cells

Have Nucleus containing DNA, membrane bound organelles( helping cell with compartmentalization), and a membrane made of phospholipids

What is not a cell membrane component

Nucleic Acids

Whats a plasma membrane made of?

Phospholipids

What does an animal cell lack compared to plant cell?

Cell wall, chloroplast, large central vacuole

what is the role of the plant Cell wall?

Encloses the cell membrane (plasma), gives plant cell their shape and rigid structure, helps protect cell & maintain shape

plant cell

has a cell wall, chloroplasts( catches sunlight and goes through photosynthesis) and has a large vacuole. cell wall is made of cellulose

Animal cell

Have an extracellular matrix ECM, made of intermediate filaments(outside cell), used as stabilizer, attachment site

What are extracellular matrix proteins?

Collagen & fibronectin

Symbiotic evelution

Says mitochondria and chloroplasts were originally free living organisms

Role of Chloroplasts

photosynthesis. Using sunlight to make carbohydrates. Is in all plant species

Mitochondria, main role

main role is to make ATP( energy) divided by the process called binary fission.

Whats the site of most ATP production?

The inner membrane

Cell (plasma) Membrane

Separates inside of the cell from outside.

Has several functions including that membrane is selectively permeable meaning, it blocks some molecules and lets out certain molecules, cell adhesion

Cell adhesion

The clinging of one substrate to another

such as water to a plant cell walls by means of hydrogen bonds

( molecules sticking to other molecules ) NOT WATER

Semi-Autonomous organelles

Mitochondria & chloroplast.

" autonomous " from them not having their own DNA ( single circular chromosome ), their own ribosomes, and can divide on their own (no signals from the nucleus needed).

" Autonomous " from Semi-Autonomous organelles

" autonomous " from them not having their own DNA ( single circular chromosome ), their own ribosomes, and can divide on their own (no signals from the nucleus needed).

" semi " from Semi-Autonomous

From them still having to rely on the nucleus for certain proteins

role of Peroxisome's

they break down certain types of lipids with a by-product from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which gets broken down into (H2O + O2)

product of H2O2 hydrogen peroxide

gets broken down into (H2O + O2)

Role of Vacuole

A fluid filled organelle that stores food & nutrients

it is used as water storage and turgor pressure

Turgor pressure

The force within the cell that pushes the cell membrane into the cell wall

Lysosome

An organelle that contains digestive enzymes, and breaks down biological molecules using hydrolysis.

Also plays role in autophagy, absorbing/recycling old worn out organelles

the "trash can" of cell

role of acid hydrolase

enzyme proteins that break down macromolecules

( mean only work during acidic pH 4.8 conditions)

Endoplasmic reticulum or ER

Network of plasma membrane that form flattened, fuid-fulled Tubules or cisternae

ER encloses a single compartment called ER lumin( highly convoluted space)

Rough ER

Membrane bound. Stubbed with ribosomes and is involved in synthesis/sorting of proteins and lipids. Proteins made get secreted from the cell.

the ER is attached to the nucleus

Smooth ER

Membrane bound. Lacks ribosomes, is involved in detoxification, carbohydrate metabolism, calcium storage, and alcohol deprevation

Nuclear envelope

double-membrane structure that encloses the nucleus

the material within the nucleus are NOT a part of the endomembrane system

Outer membrane of nuclear envelope

is continuous with the ER membrane

Nuclear pores

provide passage ways

Actin ( microfilament )

plays a role in cell migration(movement) and endocytosis

they have dynamic stability. also has a monomer called Globular(g)

regulates amoeboid movement

Globular(g)

actin and filamentous actin which is a polymer

intermediate filaments

mainly structural, gives stability and shape to the cell, s very stable.

Is a major component of hair and nails (keratin)

are used in vesicle trafficing

Flagella

log whip like tails for locomotion in some bacteria

cilia

shorter hair like structures "oars" that beat back and forth covering the entire cell

dynein

moves cargo toward the end of microtubules

cargo- in the vesicle (made of phospholipids)

Kinesin

Moves cargo toward the + end of microtubules

cargo- in the vesicle(made of phospholipids)

Motor proteins

Require energy called ATP to promote movement

microtubules is the "train track" ... this is the train.

they walk vesicles along the cytoskeletal fibers

Microtubules

large long hollow tubes with properties called dynamic stability(being unstable).

they play a role in cargo transport in cells(getting things from one side of cell to the other

they play role in cell movement-flagella&cilia.

composed of Alpha and beta tubulin- polymerize to make microtubulin

they're anchored In he centrosome

Cytoskeleton

made of different proteins giving the cell support, and allows the cell to move playing role in transporting materials

Metabolism

sum of all chemical reactions by the cell. is split into a series of chemical reactions

Catabolism, anabolism,cytosol

catabolism

break down a molecule into smaller components

breaking reactions for example, hydrolysis

anabolism

synthesis of cellular molecules and microtubules

building reactions for example dehydration

Cytosol

the watery material that fills the eukaryotic cell inside the plasma membrane

central coordinating region for many metabolic activities of eukaryotic cell

hydrolysis

chemical reaction that breaks bonds between 2 molecules by the addition of water

functions in dissembly of polymers to molymers

dehydration

A chemical reaction in which 2 molecules become covalently bonded to each other with the removal of a water molecule

Organelles

membrane bound

they help eukaryotes with compartmentalization with its own unique structure and function