front 1 What do plant cells lack compared to animal? | back 1 Centrosome containing Centrioles |
front 2 Eukaryotic Cells | back 2 Have Nucleus containing DNA, membrane bound organelles( helping cell with compartmentalization), and a membrane made of phospholipids |
front 3 What is not a cell membrane component | back 3 Nucleic Acids |
front 4 Whats a plasma membrane made of? | back 4 Phospholipids |
front 5 What does an animal cell lack compared to plant cell? | back 5 Cell wall, chloroplast, large central vacuole |
front 6 what is the role of the plant Cell wall? | back 6 Encloses the cell membrane (plasma), gives plant cell their shape and rigid structure, helps protect cell & maintain shape |
front 7 plant cell | back 7 has a cell wall, chloroplasts( catches sunlight and goes through photosynthesis) and has a large vacuole. cell wall is made of cellulose |
front 8 Animal cell | back 8 Have an extracellular matrix ECM, made of intermediate filaments(outside cell), used as stabilizer, attachment site |
front 9 What are extracellular matrix proteins? | back 9 Collagen & fibronectin |
front 10 Symbiotic evelution | back 10 Says mitochondria and chloroplasts were originally free living organisms |
front 11 Role of Chloroplasts | back 11 photosynthesis. Using sunlight to make carbohydrates. Is in all plant species |
front 12 Mitochondria, main role | back 12 main role is to make ATP( energy) divided by the process called binary fission. |
front 13 Whats the site of most ATP production? | back 13 The inner membrane |
front 14 Cell (plasma) Membrane | back 14 Separates inside of the cell from outside. Has several functions including that membrane is selectively permeable meaning, it blocks some molecules and lets out certain molecules, cell adhesion |
front 15 Cell adhesion | back 15 The clinging of one substrate to another such as water to a plant cell walls by means of hydrogen bonds ( molecules sticking to other molecules ) NOT WATER |
front 16 Semi-Autonomous organelles | back 16 Mitochondria & chloroplast. " autonomous " from them not having their own DNA ( single circular chromosome ), their own ribosomes, and can divide on their own (no signals from the nucleus needed). |
front 17 " Autonomous " from Semi-Autonomous organelles | back 17 " autonomous " from them not having their own DNA ( single circular chromosome ), their own ribosomes, and can divide on their own (no signals from the nucleus needed). |
front 18 " semi " from Semi-Autonomous | back 18 From them still having to rely on the nucleus for certain proteins |
front 19 role of Peroxisome's | back 19 they break down certain types of lipids with a by-product from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which gets broken down into (H2O + O2) |
front 20 product of H2O2 hydrogen peroxide | back 20 gets broken down into (H2O + O2) |
front 21 Role of Vacuole | back 21 A fluid filled organelle that stores food & nutrients it is used as water storage and turgor pressure |
front 22 Turgor pressure | back 22 The force within the cell that pushes the cell membrane into the cell wall |
front 23 Lysosome | back 23 An organelle that contains digestive enzymes, and breaks down biological molecules using hydrolysis. Also plays role in autophagy, absorbing/recycling old worn out organelles the "trash can" of cell |
front 24 role of acid hydrolase | back 24 enzyme proteins that break down macromolecules ( mean only work during acidic pH 4.8 conditions) |
front 25 Endoplasmic reticulum or ER | back 25 Network of plasma membrane that form flattened, fuid-fulled Tubules or cisternae ER encloses a single compartment called ER lumin( highly convoluted space) |
front 26 Rough ER | back 26 Membrane bound. Stubbed with ribosomes and is involved in synthesis/sorting of proteins and lipids. Proteins made get secreted from the cell. the ER is attached to the nucleus |
front 27 Smooth ER | back 27 Membrane bound. Lacks ribosomes, is involved in detoxification, carbohydrate metabolism, calcium storage, and alcohol deprevation |
front 28 Nuclear envelope | back 28 double-membrane structure that encloses the nucleus the material within the nucleus are NOT a part of the endomembrane system |
front 29 Outer membrane of nuclear envelope | back 29 is continuous with the ER membrane |
front 30 Nuclear pores | back 30 provide passage ways |
front 31 Actin ( microfilament ) | back 31 plays a role in cell migration(movement) and endocytosis they have dynamic stability. also has a monomer called Globular(g) regulates amoeboid movement |
front 32 Globular(g) | back 32 actin and filamentous actin which is a polymer |
front 33 intermediate filaments | back 33 mainly structural, gives stability and shape to the cell, s very stable. Is a major component of hair and nails (keratin) are used in vesicle trafficing |
front 34 Flagella | back 34 log whip like tails for locomotion in some bacteria |
front 35 cilia | back 35 shorter hair like structures "oars" that beat back and forth covering the entire cell |
front 36 dynein | back 36 moves cargo toward the end of microtubules cargo- in the vesicle (made of phospholipids) |
front 37 Kinesin | back 37 Moves cargo toward the + end of microtubules cargo- in the vesicle(made of phospholipids) |
front 38 Motor proteins | back 38 Require energy called ATP to promote movement microtubules is the "train track" ... this is the train. they walk vesicles along the cytoskeletal fibers |
front 39 Microtubules | back 39 large long hollow tubes with properties called dynamic stability(being unstable). they play a role in cargo transport in cells(getting things from one side of cell to the other they play role in cell movement-flagella&cilia. composed of Alpha and beta tubulin- polymerize to make microtubulin they're anchored In he centrosome |
front 40 Cytoskeleton | back 40 made of different proteins giving the cell support, and allows the cell to move playing role in transporting materials |
front 41 Metabolism | back 41 sum of all chemical reactions by the cell. is split into a series of chemical reactions Catabolism, anabolism,cytosol |
front 42 catabolism | back 42 break down a molecule into smaller components breaking reactions for example, hydrolysis |
front 43 anabolism | back 43 synthesis of cellular molecules and microtubules building reactions for example dehydration |
front 44 Cytosol | back 44 the watery material that fills the eukaryotic cell inside the plasma membrane central coordinating region for many metabolic activities of eukaryotic cell |
front 45 hydrolysis | back 45 chemical reaction that breaks bonds between 2 molecules by the addition of water functions in dissembly of polymers to molymers |
front 46 dehydration | back 46 A chemical reaction in which 2 molecules become covalently bonded to each other with the removal of a water molecule |
front 47 Organelles | back 47 membrane bound they help eukaryotes with compartmentalization with its own unique structure and function |