What consist of the human movement?

1. Learner
2. environment
3. task

human movement
What is the learner?

• Must have the skills/ability
• task is good developmentally
• has any relevant past experience
• motivated to learn
• Learning is influenced by individual differences

human movement

what is environment?

• The context the task is performed
• context is predictable or unpredictable
• it’s there a time limitation

human movement

what is task?

• Task has high perceptual/vision/balance component
• object manipulation (ball,bat,hand…)
• Required body movements
• under a variety of conditions?
• consistently and accurately movement pattern

Basic concepts of motor development

1. Motor learning
2. motor control

Basic concepts

Motor learning

• Anything you need to learn to physically do something
• study of the process with acquiring + refining motor skills
• organization of practice
• focus of attention when getting the skill
• feedback mechanisms

Basic concept

motor Control

• Physical behavior process
• neural, physical, behavior aspects with movements
• factors affecting
  • postural stability
  • sensory information
  • muscular use

motor skill goals

1. 'Goal oriented (preformed to achieve an objective)
2. body and/or limb movements needed
3. voluntary movements (not reflexive movements)
4. Developed after practice

Motor skill types

1. Fine motor skills
2. gross motor skills
3. Acquisition

Motor skill types
Fine motor skills

• 'Use smaller muscles
• based on precision

Motor skill types

gross motor skills

• Use larger muscles
• Multi limb movements

Motor skill types

‘acquisition

• Gross to fine

Discrete skills

• Clear start and end
• Beginning and endpoints clearly defined
• ex. Swinging a bat

continuous skills

• Beginning and end points determined by some environmentaL factor
• Repetitive in nature
• Ex. Finish line when running

Serial skills

• Elective sequences of multiple discrete skills
• Parts + whole skills should be practiced
  • emphasis on whole skill

Closed skills

• Preformed in predictable environments
• Skill context does not change
• ex. Rowing machine, walking on a beam

Open skills

• Unpredictable and changing environments
• Required/ needed movement type = known moments before execution

Closed and open skills

Multi-dementional system

• Regulatory conditions
• Action requirements

Multi-dementional system
Regulatory conditions

• Stationary vs. Motion
  
  • Ex.shoot@target // shoot@ moving target
  • Based on environment
• Inter-trial response variability
  • High V. = football catch in game
  • Low v. = free throw shot

Multi-dementional system
Action requirements

• Body movements
  • Move from point A to point B
• Object/opponent manipulation
  • Ex. Wrestling, baseball

Individual differences
Motor abilities

• Genetic traits allow for skill performance
  • Curry basketball brothers
• Independent of one another

Individual differences

1. Perceptual motor control
   1. Coordination, dexterity, control, balance
2. Physical proficiency abilities
   1. Strength, flexibility, stamina, height

Practical implications

People potential to be skillfull

• Children = given variety of movements possible
• Relatable + developmentally appropriate
  • Teach basketball to kids = lower hoop

Practical implications
Task analysis

• Break down skill into key elements/steps
• Determine abilities needed to perform key elements

Practice implications
Teaching strategies

• Not always universal
  • Each learner = unique/ different in own ways
• Questions to consider
  • Past experiences?
  • Motivating factor?
  • What situations leads them to anxiety?