What consist of the human movement?
- Learner
- environment
- task
human movement
What is the learner?
- Must have the skills/ability
- task is good developmentally
- has any relevant past experience
- motivated to learn
- Learning is influenced by individual differences
human movement
what is environment?
- The context the task is performed
- context is predictable or unpredictable
- it’s there a time limitation
human movement
what is task?
- Task has high perceptual/vision/balance component
- object manipulation (ball,bat,hand…)
- Required body movements
- under a variety of conditions?
- consistently and accurately movement pattern
Basic concepts of motor development
- Motor learning
- motor control
Basic concepts
Motor learning
- Anything you need to learn to physically do something
- study of the process with acquiring + refining motor skills
- organization of practice
- focus of attention when getting the skill
- feedback mechanisms
Basic concept
motor Control
- Physical behavior process
- neural, physical, behavior aspects with movements
- factors affecting
- postural stability
- sensory information
- muscular use
motor skill goals
- 'Goal oriented (preformed to achieve an objective)
- body and/or limb movements needed
- voluntary movements (not reflexive movements)
- Developed after practice
Motor skill types
- Fine motor skills
- gross motor skills
- Acquisition
Motor skill types
Fine motor skills
- 'Use smaller muscles
- based on precision
Motor skill types
gross motor skills
- Use larger muscles
- Multi limb movements
Motor skill types
‘acquisition
- Gross to fine
Discrete skills
- Clear start and end
- Beginning and endpoints clearly defined
- ex. Swinging a bat
continuous skills
- Beginning and end points determined by some environmentaL factor
- Repetitive in nature
- Ex. Finish line when running
Serial skills
- Elective sequences of multiple discrete skills
- Parts +
whole skills should be practiced
- emphasis on whole skill
Closed skills
- Preformed in predictable environments
- Skill context does not change
- ex. Rowing machine, walking on a beam
Open skills
- Unpredictable and changing environments
- Required/ needed movement type = known moments before execution
Closed and open skills
Multi-dementional system
- Regulatory conditions
- Action requirements
Multi-dementional system
Regulatory conditions
- Stationary vs. Motion
- Ex.shoot@target // shoot@ moving target
- Based on environment
- Inter-trial response variability
- High V. = football catch in game
- Low v. = free throw shot
Multi-dementional system
Action requirements
- Body movements
- Move from point A to point B
- Object/opponent manipulation
- Ex. Wrestling, baseball
Individual differences
Motor abilities
- Genetic traits allow for skill performance
- Curry basketball brothers
- Independent of one another
Individual differences
- Perceptual motor control
- Coordination, dexterity, control, balance
- Physical proficiency
abilities
- Strength, flexibility, stamina, height
Practical implications
People potential to be skillfull
- Children = given variety of movements possible
- Relatable + developmentally appropriate
- Teach basketball to kids = lower hoop
Practical implications
Task analysis
- Break down skill into key elements/steps
- Determine abilities needed to perform key elements
Practice implications
Teaching strategies
- Not always universal
- Each learner = unique/ different in own ways
- Questions to consider
- Past experiences?
- Motivating factor?
- What situations leads them to anxiety?