Stage Fright

Anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience

Adrenaline

a hormone released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress

Positive Nervousness

Controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for her or his presentation

Visualization

Mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful presentation

Critical Thinking

Focused, organized thinking about such things as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence, and the difference between fact and opinion

Speaker

The person who is presenting an oral message to the listener

Message

Whatever a speaker communicates to someone else.

Channel

The means by which a message is communicated

Listener

The person who receives the speaker's messages

Frame of Reference

The sum of a person's knowledge, experience, goals, values and attitudes. No two people can have exactly the same frame of reference

Feedback

The messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker

Interference

anything that impedes the communication of a message. Interference can be external or internal to listeners

Situation

The time and place in which speech communication occurs

Ethnocentrism

The belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures

Ethics

The branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs

Ethical Decisions

Sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course of action against a set of ethical standards or guidelines

Name calling

The use of language to defame, demean, or degrade individuals or groups

Bill of Rights

The first 10 amendments to the United States Constitution

Plagiarism

presenting another person's work or ideas as one's own

Global Plagiarism

Stealing a speech entirely from a single source and passing it off as one's own

Patchwork Plagiarism

Stealing ideas or language from two or three sources and passing them off as one's own

Incremental Plagiarism

Failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people

Paraphrase

To restate or summarize an author's ideas in one's own word

Hearing

The Vibration of sound waves on the eardrums and the firing of electrochemical impulses in the brain

Listening

Paying close attention to, and making sense of, what we hear

Appreciative Listening

Listening for pleasure or enjoyment

Empathetic Listening

Listening to provide emotional support for a speaker

Comprehensive Listening

Listening to understand the message of a speaker

Critical Listening

Listening to evaluate a message for purposes of accepting or rejecting it

Spare ''brain time''

the difference between the rate at which most people talk (120-150 words per minute) and the rate at which the brain can process language (400 to 800 words a minute)

Active Listening

Giving undivided attention to a speaker in a genuine effort to understand the speaker's point of view

Key word outline

An outline that briefly notes a speaker's main points and supporting evidence in a rough outline form

Ice Breaker Speech

A speech early in the term designed to get students speaking in front of a class as soon as possible

Introduction

the beginning of a speech

Body

the main section of a speech

Chronological Order

A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern

Topical Order

A method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics

Main Points

The major points developed in the body of a speech

Transition

A word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another

Conclusion

The final section of a speech

Extemporaneous Speech

A carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes

Gestures

motions of a speakers hands or arms during a speech

Eye contact

Direct visual contact with the eyes of another person

Topic

the subject of a speech

Brainstorming

a method of generating ideas for speech topics by free association of words and ideas

General purpose

The broad goal of a speech

Specific Purpose

a single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his or her speech

Central Idea

A one sentence statement that sums up the major ideas of a speech

Residual Message

What a speaker wants the audience to remember after it has forgotten everything else in a speech