Stage Fright
Anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience
Adrenaline
a hormone released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress
Positive Nervousness
Controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for her or his presentation
Visualization
Mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful presentation
Critical Thinking
Focused, organized thinking about such things as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence, and the difference between fact and opinion
Speaker
The person who is presenting an oral message to the listener
Message
Whatever a speaker communicates to someone else.
Channel
The means by which a message is communicated
Listener
The person who receives the speaker's messages
Frame of Reference
The sum of a person's knowledge, experience, goals, values and attitudes. No two people can have exactly the same frame of reference
Feedback
The messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker
Interference
anything that impedes the communication of a message. Interference can be external or internal to listeners
Situation
The time and place in which speech communication occurs
Ethnocentrism
The belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures
Ethics
The branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs
Ethical Decisions
Sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course of action against a set of ethical standards or guidelines
Name calling
The use of language to defame, demean, or degrade individuals or groups
Bill of Rights
The first 10 amendments to the United States Constitution
Plagiarism
presenting another person's work or ideas as one's own
Global Plagiarism
Stealing a speech entirely from a single source and passing it off as one's own
Patchwork Plagiarism
Stealing ideas or language from two or three sources and passing them off as one's own
Incremental Plagiarism
Failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people
Paraphrase
To restate or summarize an author's ideas in one's own word
Hearing
The Vibration of sound waves on the eardrums and the firing of electrochemical impulses in the brain
Listening
Paying close attention to, and making sense of, what we hear
Appreciative Listening
Listening for pleasure or enjoyment
Empathetic Listening
Listening to provide emotional support for a speaker
Comprehensive Listening
Listening to understand the message of a speaker
Critical Listening
Listening to evaluate a message for purposes of accepting or rejecting it
Spare ''brain time''
the difference between the rate at which most people talk (120-150 words per minute) and the rate at which the brain can process language (400 to 800 words a minute)
Active Listening
Giving undivided attention to a speaker in a genuine effort to understand the speaker's point of view
Key word outline
An outline that briefly notes a speaker's main points and supporting evidence in a rough outline form
Ice Breaker Speech
A speech early in the term designed to get students speaking in front of a class as soon as possible
Introduction
the beginning of a speech
Body
the main section of a speech
Chronological Order
A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern
Topical Order
A method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics
Main Points
The major points developed in the body of a speech
Transition
A word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another
Conclusion
The final section of a speech
Extemporaneous Speech
A carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes
Gestures
motions of a speakers hands or arms during a speech
Eye contact
Direct visual contact with the eyes of another person
Topic
the subject of a speech
Brainstorming
a method of generating ideas for speech topics by free association of words and ideas
General purpose
The broad goal of a speech
Specific Purpose
a single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his or her speech
Central Idea
A one sentence statement that sums up the major ideas of a speech
Residual Message
What a speaker wants the audience to remember after it has forgotten everything else in a speech