10/31 lecture recording

mycobacteria and TB research

the who's "end TB" campaign

wrap up TB module

LTBI and "active TB"

a spectrum of pathology and clinical symptoms

• latenty infected with TB, normally have a 10% chance over your lifetime that you will go from being latent to"active"
  • unlucky 10% (lifetime risk)
  • 90% chance of never suffering from your disease
• if individual HIV+, immune system compromised
  • these individuals have 10% ANNUAL risk of active TB
• *** goes from 10% LIFETIME risk in normal individuals, to 10% YEARLY risk in HIV+ individual individuals
• KNOW ALL OF THIS!!!
  • much higher risk of active TB if HIV+
• SIV - viruses that infected different monkey species
  • diff monkey species react differently
  • in some, is lethal
  • in some species, are fine (latently/chronically infected)
  • (kinda like how AIDS affected diff monkey species)
  • why do some species react fine but some have lethal reactions? - is something that is trying to be figured out
• TB originated in africa
  • thought for long time it originated in europe
  • 50-60k years ago, humans only lived in africa. TB originated there bc thats where ppl lived at the time
  • as modern humans migrated out of africa, brought TB with them
  • research shows that these pops had coevolution with the TB they carried
  • if u are infected with TB that from same place ur ancestors are from, u are LESS likely to develop active TB than if infected with a TB that coevolved with a diff group of humans other than ur ancestors (then have higher chance of dev active TB0

data collected of impact of TB on the world - WHO

• WHO publications
  • 1.6 million TB deaths
  • 2017 - special relationship btw TB and HIV
    • TB is leading killer of ppl with HIV

mycobacteria and TB research

in USA:

• in US, the organization in charge of research on disease + medical treatment of TB headed by NIH
  • special page for TB we need to read
  • sub branch: NIAID (national institute of allergies and infectious disease)
  • for basic + medical research
• fir epiodemiological research - by CDC
  • preventing + containing TB outbreaks
  • for info about location, incidence, etc. in the US
• non government organizations (NGOs)
  • Bill/Melinda gates foundation...

WHO's "end TB" campaign

• World TB day - march 24th
  • has to do with when robert caulk discovered cause of TB
    • made announcement on march 24th

WHO mission statement

seeks to publish and disseminate scientifically rigorous public health information of international significance that enables policy makers, researchers and practitioners to be more effective; it aims to improve health, particularly among disadvantaged populations

policy makers

• end TB strategy
• TB report
• TB country profiles

researchers

• depends on the type of research

practitioners

• guidelines on the management of latent TB
• treatment of TB guidelines

strategy: the big plan

end TB strategy

• 3 pillars

reports

how well is big plan working?

• reading 1 - brochure, END TB strategy brochure
  • country by country reports

reports - individual country profiles

ex: angola 2018

• 107k cases of TB

international efforts

tactical "field guides"

• guidelines on the management of latent TB infection, active TB, etc.