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1

10/31 lecture recording

mycobacteria and TB research

the who's "end TB" campaign

wrap up TB module

2

LTBI and "active TB"

a spectrum of pathology and clinical symptoms

  • latenty infected with TB, normally have a 10% chance over your lifetime that you will go from being latent to"active"
    • unlucky 10% (lifetime risk)
    • 90% chance of never suffering from your disease
  • if individual HIV+, immune system compromised
    • these individuals have 10% ANNUAL risk of active TB
  • *** goes from 10% LIFETIME risk in normal individuals, to 10% YEARLY risk in HIV+ individual individuals
  • KNOW ALL OF THIS!!!
    • much higher risk of active TB if HIV+
  • SIV - viruses that infected different monkey species
    • diff monkey species react differently
    • in some, is lethal
    • in some species, are fine (latently/chronically infected)
    • (kinda like how AIDS affected diff monkey species)
    • why do some species react fine but some have lethal reactions? - is something that is trying to be figured out
  • TB originated in africa
    • thought for long time it originated in europe
    • 50-60k years ago, humans only lived in africa. TB originated there bc thats where ppl lived at the time
    • as modern humans migrated out of africa, brought TB with them
    • research shows that these pops had coevolution with the TB they carried
    • if u are infected with TB that from same place ur ancestors are from, u are LESS likely to develop active TB than if infected with a TB that coevolved with a diff group of humans other than ur ancestors (then have higher chance of dev active TB0

3

data collected of impact of TB on the world - WHO

card image
  • WHO publications
    • 1.6 million TB deaths
    • 2017 - special relationship btw TB and HIV
      • TB is leading killer of ppl with HIV

4

mycobacteria and TB research

in USA:

  • in US, the organization in charge of research on disease + medical treatment of TB headed by NIH
    • special page for TB we need to read
    • sub branch: NIAID (national institute of allergies and infectious disease)
    • for basic + medical research
  • fir epiodemiological research - by CDC
    • preventing + containing TB outbreaks
    • for info about location, incidence, etc. in the US
  • non government organizations (NGOs)
    • Bill/Melinda gates foundation...

5

WHO's "end TB" campaign

  • World TB day - march 24th
    • has to do with when robert caulk discovered cause of TB
      • made announcement on march 24th

6

WHO mission statement

seeks to publish and disseminate scientifically rigorous public health information of international significance that enables policy makers, researchers and practitioners to be more effective; it aims to improve health, particularly among disadvantaged populations

policy makers

  • end TB strategy
  • TB report
  • TB country profiles

researchers

  • depends on the type of research

practitioners

  • guidelines on the management of latent TB
  • treatment of TB guidelines

7

strategy: the big plan

end TB strategy

  • 3 pillars

8

reports

how well is big plan working?

  • reading 1 - brochure, END TB strategy brochure
    • country by country reports

9

reports - individual country profiles

ex: angola 2018

  • 107k cases of TB

10

international efforts

tactical "field guides"

  • guidelines on the management of latent TB infection, active TB, etc.