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BY123L ENC Bacteria

1.

Methanogens

Obligate anaerobes that can reduce CO2 to Methane (swamp gas). Belong to domain Archaea

2.

Halophiles

Color is due to bacteriorhodopsin

3.

Halophiles

does not have chlorophyll, so this is not photosynthesis (uses carotenoids)

4.

Halophiles

Have simplest form of photophosphorylation

5.

Heterocysts

specialized cells which "fix" atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia. specialized because they have a modified cellular structure that allows them to protect the nitrogen-fixing enzymes from oxygen. The nitrogenase enzyme responsible for converting nitrogen gas into ammonia is highly sensitive to oxygen, and in normal photosynthetic cells of cyanobacteria, there is a high oxygen concentration due to photosynthesis. Even though the oxygen-sensitive Nitrogenase is segregated from the Oxygen-producing photosynthesis, it basically creates a micro-environment where Nitrogen fixation can occur without being inhibited by Oxygen.

6.

Thermoacidophiles

Lives in areas with very high temperature and very high acidity (low pH) and can be found in deep sea vents.

7.

Thermoacidophiles

Picrophilus optimally grows at pH 0.7 and can tolerate 0.0; higher pH levels (4.0) disintegrate this species

8.

Domain Bacteria

(domain) some have pilli (projections attached to outer layer of cell); pilli can be used for attachment of bacterium to substrate or during conjugation

9.

Domain Bacteria

(domain) some have a capsule (protective layer outside the cell wall); can protect against dehydration or host's immune system

10.

Domain Bacteria

(domain) Most have cell walls comprised of peptidoglycan (aka murein)

11.

Domain Bacteria

(domain) 1 double-strained ring of DNA within a nucleoid region but can also have extra-chromosomal DNA in plasmids

12.

Domain Bacteria

(domain) have flagella comprised of flagellin (no microtubules or tubulin as seen in eukaryotic flagella)

13.

Domain Bacteria

(domain) can have chemotaxis (movement in response to chemicals; positive = towards, negative = away from) and phototaxis (movement in response to light)

14.

Domain Bacteria

(domain) no mitosis, no meiosis; divide by binary fission (cell doubles everything, then splits in half)

15.

Conjugation

transfer of DNA (plasmid) between two bacterial cells which are temporarily joined

16.

Transformation

process of taking in DNA from the external environment

17.

Transduction

transfer of DNA between prokaryotes by viruses (bacteriophages)

18.

Saprobes

Bacteria feed on dead stuff

19.

Endospores

Cells able to withstand harsh environments. Produced by certain bacterial species as a survival strategy in response to unfavourable or stressful conditions. Resistant to heat, radiation, chemicals, making them capable of enduring long periods of time without nutrients or in extreme environments. Ability to persist in a dormant state allows certain bacteria to hibernate until conditions become favourable for growth again.

Mother-cell lysis: Once cell is fully developed, the original bacterial cell (known as the mother cell) releases the endospore into the environment. So, the endospore remains dormant and highly resistant to environmental stressors.

Germination: When conditions improve and become favourable again, the endospore germinates and reverts to its vegetative bacterial form. Protective layers are broken down and cellular machinery is reactivated. Once germinated, the bacteria resumes back to its normal reproductive activities.

Bacillus: Most well-known type of Endospore

20.

Energy source and Carbon Source of Photoautotroph

Energy- Light. Carbon- CO2

21.

Energy source and Carbon Source of Chemoautotroph

Energy- oxidation of inorganic chemicals such as Fe +2; NH3, H2S. Carbon- CO2

22.

Energy source and Carbon Source of photoheterotroph

Energy- Light. Carbon- Organic compounds

23.

Energy source and Carbon Source of Chemoheterotroph

Both organic compounds

24.

Obligate aerobe

Require Oxygen (most bacteria are this)

25.

Facultative anaerobe

can grow with or without oxygen; usually grows faster with it

26.

Obligate anaerobe

poisoned by oxygen; must have anoxic environment

27.

Kingdoms of Domain Bacteria

Proteobacteria, Chlamydia, Spirochetes, Cyanobacteria, Gram Positive Bacteria

28.

Subgroups of Kingdom Proteobacteria

Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon

29.

Subgroup Alpha Proteobacteria

(subgroup) many species are symbiotic with eukaryotic hosts (e.g. Rhizobium lives within root nodules of legume plants where they fix atmospheric nitrogen into forms the plant can use)

30.

Subgroup Beta Proteobacteria

(subgroup) nutritionally diverse group, some are important nitrogen recyclers. Neiserria gonorrhoeae (causes gonorrhea) goes here

31.

Subgroup Gamma Proteobacteria

(subgroup) includes "sulfur" bacteria which oxidizes H2S, producing sulfur as a by-product; Legionella (causative agent of Legionnaire's disease). Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae & Salmonella belong here

32.

Subgroup Delta Proteobacteria

(subgroup) includes slime-producing Myxobacteria & Bdellvibrios which attack other bacteria

33.

Subgroup Epsilon Proteobacteria

(subgroup) Most members are pathogenic to humans or other animals.

34.

Subgroup Epsilon Proteobacteria

(subgroup) Camphylobacter, a causative agent of blood poisoning & intestinal inflammation goes here

35.

Subgroup Epsilon Proteobacteria

(subgroup) Helicobacter pylori, a causative agent for stomach ulcers, goes here

36.

Kingdom Chlamydia

(kingdom) survives only in animal cells; depends on host cell for resources such as ATP

37.

Kingdom Chlamydia

(kingdom) has odd cell wall which stains gram negative; cell wall has no peptidoglycan

38.

Kingdom Chlamydia

(kingdom) Chlamydia trachmatis, the most common cause of blindness in the world & also causes non-gonococcal urethritis (the most common, sexuallytransmitted disease) belongs here

39.

Kingdom Spirochetes

(kingdom) Treponema pallidum, the causative agent for syphilis, belongs here

40.

Kingdom Spirochetes

(kingdom) Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent for Lyme disease, goes here

41.

Kingdom Spirochetes

(kingdom) uses flagella to spiral themselves through their environment

42.

Kingdom Cyanobacteria

(kingdom) photosynthetic, uses photosystem I and II, has chlorophyll is not in chloroplasts, but rather found in the thylakoid membranes

43.

Heterocysts

specialized cells which "fix" atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia

44.

Kingdom Gram Positive Bacteria

(kingdom) the subgroup actinomycetes belongs here. Two species of actinomycetes cause tuberculosis & leprosy, respectively. Actinomycetes are also responsible for the "earthy" odor of rich soil

45.

Kingdom Gram Positive Bacteria

(kingdom) Streptomyces, have been the sources for several antibiotics

46.

Kingdom Gram Positive Bacteria

(kingdom) Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent for anthrax, belongs here

47.

Kingdom Gram Positive Bacteria

(kingdom) Clostridium botulinum, the causative agent for botulism, goes here

48.

Kingdom Gram Positive Bacteria

(kingdom) Streptococcus and Staphylococcus sp. belong here

49.

Kingdom Gram Positive Bacteria

(kingdom) includes Mycoplasmas, the only bacteria known to lack a cell wall; they are also the tiniest known cells. one species of Mycoplasma causes walking pneumonia

50.

Characteristics of protists

Eukaryotic, can be free-living, parasitic, or symbiotic
All: Require source of moisture/moist environment
Most:
-Unicellular
-Aerobic Respiration
Some:
-Exist as colonies
-Multicellular
-Heterotrophic
-Autotrophic
-Mixotrophic (both)

51.

Supergroup Excavata

Some members have an "excavated" groove on one side of the cell body

52.

Supergroup Excavata Kingdoms

Kingdom Diplomonadida
Kingdom Parabasala
Kingdom Euglenozoa

53.

Kingdom Diplomonadida

(kingdom) organisms lack plastids (group of membrane-bound organelles including leucoplasts, chloroplasts, & chromoplasts)

54.

Kingdom Diplomonadida

(kingdom) have reduced mitochondria, mitosomes, which lack functional electron transport chains, hence cannot use oxygen to help extract energy from carbohydrates or other organic molecules

55.

Kingdom Diplomonadida

(kingdom) use anaerobic pathways to get energy

56.

Kingdom Diplomonadida

(kingdom) many are parasitic (e.g. Giardia)

57.

Kingdom Diplomonadida

(kingdom) has two equal-sized nuclei and multiple flagella

58.

Kingdom Diplomonadida

(kingdom) includes Giardia Lamblia

59.

Giardia Lamblia

causative agent of "beaver fever"; acquired through fecal-contaminated water; infects human intestine, causing severe diarrhea and cramps

60.

Giardia Lamblia

Domain Eukarya
Supergroup Excavata
Kingdom Diplomonadida

61.

Giardia Lamblia

62.

Kingdom Parabasala

(kingdom) have reduced mitochondria, hydrogenosomes, which generate some energy, anaerobically, by the release of hydrogen gas as a by-product

63.

Kingdom Parabasala

(kingdom) includes the infamous organism, Trichomonas vaginalis

64.

Trichomonas vaginalis

A usual inhabitant of the human vagina

65.

Trichomonas vaginalis

overpopulation of this organism causes infection which can be passed to the sexual partner

66.

Trichomonas vaginalis

In females, if the vagina's normal acidity is disturbed, T. vaginalis can outcompete beneficial microorganisms there and infect the vagina

67.

Trichomonas vaginalis

Domain Eukarya

Supergroup Excavata

Kingdom Parabasala

68.

Trichonomas vaginalis

69.

Kingdom Euglenozoa

(kingdom) have flagella containing either a spiral or crystalline rod-like structure inside each of their flagella

70.

Kingdom Euglenozoa

(kingdom) includes predatory heterotroph, photosynthetic autotrophs, mixotrophs and parasites

71.

Kingdom Euglenozoa

Phylum Kinetoplastida is under what Kingdom?

72.

Phylum Kinetoplastida

(phylum) have a single, large mitochondrion, which contains an organized mass of DNA called a kinetoplast

73.

Phylum Kinetoplastida

(phylum) includes Trypanosoma bruceii, the causative agent of sleeping sickness, carried by the tsetse fly

74.

termite flagellates

Domain Eukarya

Supergroup Excavata

Kingdom Euglenozoa

Phylum Kinetoplastida

75.

termite flagellates

76.

Trypanosomes

other species can cause Chagas' disease, transmitted by blood sucking insects, can lead to congestive heart failure

77.

Trypanosoma

Domain Eukarya

Supergroup Excavata

Kingdom Euglenozoa

Phylum Kinetoplastida

78.

Trypanosoma

79.

Phylum Euglenophyta

(phylum) can have 1 or 2 flagella

80.

Phylum Euglenophyta

(phylum) some can be mixotrophs (both heterotrophic and autotrophic); they perform photosynthesis when light is available, but can go heterotrophic if light is unavailable and absorb organic molecules from their environment; some can also engulf prey via phagocytosis

81.

A and B

Phylum Euglenophyta Chlorophylls

82.

No

Does Phylum Euglenophyta have a cell wall?

83.

Phylum Euglenophyta

(phylum) has pellicle to maintain shape

84.

Phylum Euglenophyta

(phylum) divides by mitosis, but not typical; nucleolus and nuclear membrane do not disappear

85.

Phylum Euglenophyta

(phylum) has stigma (light sensitive organelle)

86.

Phylum Euglenophyta

(phylum) stores carbohydrate as paramylon

87.

Pyrenoid

where paramylon is made. Found in Phylum Euglenophyta

88.

Euglena

Domain Eukarya

Supergroup Excavata

Kingdom Euglenozoa

Phylum Euglenophyta

89.

Euglena

90.

What Kingdoms are under Supergroup Chromalveolata?

Kingdom Stramenopila

Kingdom Alveolata

91.

Phylums under Kingdom Stramenopila

-Bacillariophyta

-Chrysophyta

-Phaeophyta

-Oomycota

92.

Kingdom Stramenopila

(kingdom) contains both autotrophs and heterotrophs

93.

Kingdom Stramenopila

(kingdom) Name comes from file hair-like projections found on their flagella; most members have a "hairy" flagellum paired with a "smooth", shorter one

94.

Diatoms

Phylum Bacillariophyta is also known as?

95.

Unicellular

Phylum Bacillariophyta: Multicellular or unicellular?

96.

Diatoms

has unique glass-like wall made of hydrated silica; wall made of two parts like bottom and top to a shoebox

97.

Phylum Bacillariophyta

(phylum) accumulation of these in sediments are called diatomaceous earth deposits; used in many things such as toothpaste, water filters, & insulating materials

98.

Phylum Bacillariophyta

(phylum) very abundant in oceans and lakes

99.

Phylum Bacillariophyta

(phylum) are so abundant that their photosynthetic activity affects global carbon dioxide levels; scientists want to use diatom blooms to reduce carbon dioxide levels (carbon dioxide is kept with diatoms as they fall to ocean floor)

100.

A and C

Phylum Bacillariophyta Chlorophylls

101.

Diatoms

Domain Eukarya

Supergroup Chromalveolata

Kingdom Stramenopila

Phylum Bacillariophyta

102.

Diatoms

103.

Phylum Chrysophyta is commonly called?

Golden algae

104.

Phylum Chrysophyta

(phylum) Common name comes from the yellow & brown carotenoids

105.

Phylum Chrysophyta

(phylum) some species can be mixotrophic (both autotrophic and heterotrophic); heterotrophically ingesting organic molecules and living cells by phagocytosis

106.

Phylum Chrysophyta

(phylum) some species can form environmentally resistant cysts if conditions get bad; these cysts can survive for decades

107.

A and C

Phylum Chrysophyta chlorophylls

108.

Phylum Chrysophyta

(phylum) stores carbohydrate in the form of laminarin

109.

Chrysophyta

110.

Phylum Phaeophyta is commonly called?

Brown Algae

111.

All multicellular

Phylum Phaeophyta: Multicellular or Unicellular?

112.

Phylum Phaeophyta

(phylum) Common along cold water currents

113.

Phylum Phaeophyta

(phylum) used in soups

114.

Phylum Phaeophyta

(phylum) cell walls contain algin which can be used to thicken foods like puddings, ice cream, and salad dressings

115.

Phylum Phaeophyta

(phylum) stores carbohydrate in the form of laminarin

116.

Phylum Phaeophyta

(phylum) cell wall of cellulose

117.

Phylum Phaeophyta

(phylum) includes kelps (some can be as long as 60m in length)

118.

Phaeophyta

119.

Water molds

Phylum Oomycota is commonly called?

120.

Heterotrophic

Is Phylum Oomycota autotrophic or heterotrophic?

121.

Phylum Oomycota

(phylum) some unicellular; others branched with hyphae (fungus-like)

122.

Phylum Oomycota

(phylum) cell wall comprised of cellulose (plant-like); fungal cell walls are comprised of chitin

123.

Phylum Oomycota

(phylum) diploid dominant unlike fungi (which are haploid dominant)

124.

Phylum Oomycota

(phylum) flagellated unlike fungi

125.

Phylum Oomycota

(phylum) reproduction includes a large egg (hence the phylum name)

126.

Phylum Oomycota

(phylum) important in decomposition of dead stuff in water

127.

Phylum Oomycota

(phylum) Ick belongs to this phylum; it is a parasitic water mold

128.

Phylum Oomycota

(phylum) includes other water molds that do not live in water, such as downy mildews and white rusts (these are both plant parasites); one of these, Phytophthora infestans caused the potato famine in 1800's Ireland

129.

Saprolegnia

Domain Eukarya

Supergroup Chromalveolata

Kingdom Stramenopila

Phylum Oomycota

130.

Saprolegnia

131.

Kingdom Alveolata

(kingdom) members have membrane-enclosed sacs (alveoli) just under their plasma membranes

132.

Kingdom Alveolata

(kingdom) found in a wide variety of habitats

133.

Phylums under Kingdom Alveolata

-Dinoflagellata

-Apicomplexa

-Ciliophora

134.

Phylum Dinoflagellata

(phylum) many members have cells with reinforced plates of cellulose

135.

Phylum Dinoflagellata

(phylum) have two flagella located in grooves along their plates

136.

Phylum Dinoflagellata

(phylum) marine and freshwater members

137.

Phylum Dinoflagellata

(phylum) can be photosynthetic, heterotrophic, or mixotrophic

138.

A & C

Photosynthetic forms of Phylum Dinoflagellata have which chlorophylls?

139.

Phylum Dinoflagellata

(phylum) overabundance causes "red tides"; coloration of water comes from their pink to brownish-red carotinoids

140.

Phylum Dinoflagellata

(phylum) cell wall of cellulose

141.

Phylum Dinoflagellata

(phylum) some possess trichocysts (mini harpoons)

142.

Phylum Dinoflagellata

(phylum) nucleolus and nucleus do not disappear during mitosis

143.

Phylum Dinoflagellata

(phylum) some form symbiotic relationships with coral, called zooxanthellae

144.

Dinoflagellates

Domain Eukarya

Supergroup Chromalveolata

Kingdom Alveolata

Phylum Dinoflagellata

145.

Dinoflagellates

146.

Phylum Apicomplexa

(phylum) nearly all are parasites of animals

147.

Phylum Apicomplexa

(phylum) phylum takes its name from the apical complex of which it uses to penetrate the host's red blood cells

148.

Phylum Apicomplexa

(phylum) all members are endoparasites

149.

Endoparasites

Parasites that live within the body of their host instead of on the surface

150.

Phylum Apicomplexa

(phylum) have very complex life cycles, often with several hosts, with both asexual and sexual stages

151.

Phylum Apicomplexa

(phylum) includes Plasmodium the causative agent of malaria (transmitted via the bite of the female Anopholes mosquito)

152.

Phylum Apicomplexa

(phylum) no organelle for movement

153.

Plasmodium vivax

Domain Eukarya

Supergroup Chromalveolata

Kingdom Alveolata

Phylum Apicomplexa

154.

Plasmodium vivax

155.

Phylum Ciliophora

(phylum) very large and diverse group which use cilia for locomotion

156.

Phylum Ciliophora

(phylum) most are predators of bacteria or smaller protists

157.

Phylum Ciliophora

(phylum) cilia may cover the entire surface or be clustered in rows or tufts in this phylum

158.

Phylum Ciliophora

(phylum) unique in having two types of nuclei (macro & micro)

-macro governs activities of the cell

-micro is used during reproduction

159.

Phylum Ciliophora

(phylum) reproduce by binary fission during which partners exchange a micro nucleus

160.

Phylum Ciliophora

(phylum) some can contain a toxin

161.

Phylum Ciliophora

(phylum) have an oral groove, which leads to the "place of ingestion"

162.

Phylum Ciliophora

(phylum) have food and contractile vacuoles

163.

Phylum Ciliophora

(phylum) has anal pore for waste discharge

164.

Phylum Ciliophora

(phylum) have holozoic nutrition (whole prey is ingested)

165.

Paramecium

Domain Eukarya

Supergroup Chromalveolata

Kingdom Alveolata

Phylum Ciliophora

166.

Paramecium

167.

Stentor

Domain Eukarya

Supergroup Chromalveolata

Kingdom Alveolata

Phylum Ciliophora

168.

Stentor

169.

Phylums of Kingdom Cercozoa

-Radiolaria

-Foraminifera

170.

Phylum Radiolaria

(phylum) movement is via axopodia (their pseudopodia); these structures help them float and feed

171.

Phylum Radiolaria

(phylum) has silica in its internal skeleton comprised of silica (gives them a glass-like appearance)

172.

Phylum Radiolaria

(phylum) Lives in marine waters

173.

Radiolaria

Domain Eukarya

Supergroup Rhizaria

Kingdom Cercozoa

Phylum Radiolaria

(If it looks really beautiful it's probably this)

174.

Radiolaria

175.

Phylum Foraminifera

(phylum) name means to bear pores

176.

Phylum Foraminifera

(phylum) shells are called "tests" which are single pieces of organic material, hardened with calcium carbonate

177.

Phylum Foraminifera

(phylum) marine & fresh water

most live in sand or can attach themselves to rocks or algae

178.

Phylum Foraminifera

(phylum) many derive nutrients from symbiotic algae

179.

Phylum Foraminifera

(phylum) formed White Cliffs of Dover; limestone; flint

180.

Foraminifera

181.

Kingdom under Supergroup Rhizaria

Cercozoa

182.

Kingdom Cercozoa

(kingdom) thread like pseudopodia

183.

Kingdom Cercozoa

(kingdom) marine and fresh water, soil

184.

Kingdom Cercozoa

(kingdom) Most are heterotrophic

185.

Kingdom Cercozoa

(kingdom) Many are plant, animal, or protist parasites

186.

Kingdoms of Supergroup Archaeplastida

-Rhodophyta

-Chlorophyta

187.

Red algae

Kingdom Rhodophyta common name?

188.

Kingdom Rhodophyta

(kingdom) red coloration is from phycoerythrin, which masks the green of the chlorophyll

189.

Kingdom Rhodophyta

(kingdom) colors can range from greenish-red in shallow water to bright red in medium depths to nearly black at deep depths

190.

A & D

Kingdom Rhodophyta chlorophylls

191.

Kingdom Rhodophyta

(kingdom) stores carbohydrate as Floridian starch

192.

Kingdom Rhodophyta

(kingdom) unlike other algal species, this Kingdom does not have flagellated gametes; water currents must move them.

193.

Kingdom Rhodophyta

(kingdom) some can be heterotrophic and parasitize other red algae

194.

Kingdom Rhodophyta

(kingdom) some contain calcium carbonate walls and are found on reefs (coralline algae)

195.

Kingdom Rhodophyta

(kingdom) Nonmotile male gametes called spermatia - Most are marine algae

196.

Kingdom Rhodophyta

(kingdom) agar (for bacterial plates) comes from here; carrageenan (thickener for items such as ice cream). Also used in sushi wrapping

197.

Rhodophyta (microscope)

198.

Rhodophyta (regular)

199.

Green algae

Kingdom Chlorophyta common name?

200.

Kingdom Chlorophyta

(kingdom) chloroplasts are very similar to those of land plants

201.

Kingdom Chlorophyta

(kingdom) some systematists advocate the move of this group to an expanded plant kingdom, Viridiplantae

202.

Kingdom Chlorophyta

(kingdom) mostly fresh water, but some are marine or even terrestrial

203.

Starch

Carbohydrate storage form in Chlorophyta is

204.

Cellulose

Cell walls in Chlorophyta are made up of

205.

A & B

What Chlorophylls are present in Chlorophyta?

206.

Kingdom Chlorophyta

(kingdom) most have complex life cycles with both asexual and sexual stages

207.

Kingdom Chlorophyta

(kingdom) larger size and greater complexity evolved in the chlorophytes by three different mechanisms

208.

Kingdom Chlorophyta

(kingdom) Formation of colonies of individual cells, as seen in Volvox, and filamentous forms that make stringy masses known as pond scum

209.

Kingdom Chlorophyta

(kingdom) Production of true multicellular bodies by cell division and differentiation, as in Ulva

210.

Kingdom Chlorophyta

(kingdom) Repeated karyokinesis without cytokinesis, as seen with Caulerpa

211.

Chlorophyta

212.

Chlamydomonas

Domain Eukarya

Supergroup Archaeplastida

Kingdom Chlorophyta

213.

Chlamydomonas

214.

Gonium

Domain Eukarya

Supergroup Archaeplastida

Kingdom Chlorophyta

215.

Gonium

216.

Eudorina

Domain Eukarya

Supergroup Archaeplastida

Kingdom Chlorophyta

217.

Eudorina

218.

Volvox

Domain Eukarya

Supergroup Archaeplastida

Kingdom Chlorophyta

219.

Volvox

220.

Spirogyra

Domain Eukarya

Supergroup Archaeplastida

Kingdom Chlorophyta

221.

Spirogyra

222.

Ulothrix

Domain Eukarya

Supergroup Archaeplastida

Kingdom Chlorophyta

223.

Ulothrix

224.

Supergroup Unikonta Kingdoms

Kingdom Amoebozoa

225.

Kingdom Amoebozoa Phylums

-Myxogastria

-Dictyostelida

-Gymnamoeba

-Entamoeba

226.

Phylum Myxogastrida is commonly known as?

plasmodial slime molds

227.

Phylum Myxogastrida

(phylum) once thought to be fungi, but relationship to them is via convergent evolution

228.

Convergent Evolution

did not arise from common ancestor, but rather have similar characteristics dictated by a similar niche in the environment

229.

Phylum Myxogastrida

(phylum) they progress from a large, coenocytic (many nuclei per cell) mass called a plasmodium; a multinucleated mass with continuous cytoplasm, unbound by membranes or walls

230.

usually diploid

Is Phylum Myxogastrida haploid or diploid?

231.

Phylum Myxogastrida appearance

(phylum) usually brightly, colored yellow or orange

232.

Phylum Myxogastrida

(phylum) can be found growing through leaf mulch, rotten logs, & moist soil

233.

cellular slime molds

Phylum Dictyostelida is commonly known as?

234.

Phylum Dictyostelida

(phylum) unique group of social amoebae that exhibit a fascinating life cycle, which involves both unicellular and multicellular stages.

235.

Phylum Dictyostelida

(phylum) move using temporary extensions of their cell membrane called pseudopodia

236.

Phylum Dictyostelida

(phylum) feeding stage consists of solitary cells (unlike the plasmodial slime mold)

237.

Phylum Dictyostelida

(phylum) When food is abundant, they exist as individual, free-living amoeboid cells.

238.

Phylum Dictyostelida

(phylum) When food becomes scarce, the individual cells aggregate together to form multicellular structures known as "slugs."

239.

Phylum Dictyostelida

(phylum) During the aggregation phase, thousands of individual cells come together and move as a collective mass. This process is crucial for the survival of the population as a whole.

240.

Tubulinids

Phylum Gymnamoeba is also known as

241.

Phylum Gymnamoeba

(phylum) comprises a large and diverse group of amoebozoans

242.

Phylum Gymnamoeba

(phylum) ubiquitous in soil, fresh & marine waters

243.

Phylum Gymnamoeba

(phylum) most are heterotrophic, actively seeking to consume bacteria and other protists though some feed on detritus (non-living organic matter)

244.

Phylum Entamoeba

(phylum) includes an all-parasitic genus, Entamoeba; infects all classes of vertebrates and some invertebrates

245.

Phylum Entamoeba

(phylum) includes E. histolytica, the causative agent of amoebic dysentery; spread via contaminated drinking water; 3rd leading cause of death from parasites after malaria & schistosomiasis

246.

Amoeba

Domain Eukarya

Supergroup Unikonta

Kingdom Amoebazoa

Phylum Gymnamoeba

247.

Amoeba