hypnosis

subconscious mind

posthypnotic suggestions

suggestion made during hypnosis that is carried out even after the subject is no longer hypnotized

dissociation

individual feels dissociated from their emotions

circadian rhythm

human biological clock

hallucinations / hypnagogic sensations

false sensory experiences during NREM-1

suprachiasmatic nucleus

cell clusters in hypothalamus that controls circadian rhythm

melatonin

hormone that induces sleep

insomina

inability to sleep

narcolepsy

suddenly falling asleep

REM behavior disorder

able to move even in REM sleep, body can physically perform what we dream

manifest content / latent content

actual dream / hidden meaning

substance use disorder

continued substance craving despite known harmful effects

psychoactive drugs

chemicals that change perception and mood

tolerance

diminishing effect of drugs due to habituation to drugs

withdrawal

discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing drugs

alcohol use disorder

ingesting a lot of alcohol

hallucinogens

drugs that distort perceptions and evoke false sensory images

acquisition --> extinction

acquiring info, diminishing of conditioned response

spotanteous recovery

reappearance of extinguished conditioned reponse

law of effect

behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely

shaping

guiding subject's action toward the desired behavior

primary reinforces / conditioned reinforcers

unlearned stimulus (food and water) / stimulus that is gained by reinforcement

reinforcement schedules

(fixed ratio, fixed interval, variable ratio

variable interval

fixed number of times, fixed time, not fixed number of times, not fixed time

partial reinforcement / continuous reinforcement

reinforcing a response only part of the time / reinforcing response every time

latent learning

learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is a chance to demonstrate

insight learning

sudden realization of a solution to a problem

implicit memory

info remembered unconsciously without effort

explicit memory

memory of facts and experiences with effort

working memory

small amount of info that can be held in mind

shallow processing

encoding on a basic level based on the structure of words

deep processing

encoding words by its meaning

motivated forgetting / repression

tendency to forget unfavorable or unpleasant memories

algorithm

logical procedure that guarantees an answer

heuristic

simple thinking strategy that allows us to make judgments --> leads to errors

linguistic determinism

language we speak in determines the way we think

episodic memory

memory for biographical details of our lives ex) I remember when . . .

semantic memory

Memory for language, facts, general knowledge ex) I know that . . .

state-dependent memory

memory retrieval is most efficient when an individual is in the same state of consciousness as they were when the memory was formed

belief bias

tendency to judge something and make conclusions based on a person's belief

belief preserverance

sticking with your initial conception despite clear proof that discredits it

representativeness heuristics

judging the probability based on how well something represents the prototype

availability heuristic

judging the probability based on how well it pops up in our memory