hypnosis
subconscious mind
posthypnotic suggestions
suggestion made during hypnosis that is carried out even after the subject is no longer hypnotized
dissociation
individual feels dissociated from their emotions
circadian rhythm
human biological clock
hallucinations / hypnagogic sensations
false sensory experiences during NREM-1
suprachiasmatic nucleus
cell clusters in hypothalamus that controls circadian rhythm
melatonin
hormone that induces sleep
insomina
inability to sleep
narcolepsy
suddenly falling asleep
REM behavior disorder
able to move even in REM sleep, body can physically perform what we dream
manifest content / latent content
actual dream / hidden meaning
substance use disorder
continued substance craving despite known harmful effects
psychoactive drugs
chemicals that change perception and mood
tolerance
diminishing effect of drugs due to habituation to drugs
withdrawal
discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing drugs
alcohol use disorder
ingesting a lot of alcohol
hallucinogens
drugs that distort perceptions and evoke false sensory images
acquisition --> extinction
acquiring info, diminishing of conditioned response
spotanteous recovery
reappearance of extinguished conditioned reponse
law of effect
behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely
shaping
guiding subject's action toward the desired behavior
primary reinforces / conditioned reinforcers
unlearned stimulus (food and water) / stimulus that is gained by reinforcement
reinforcement schedules
(fixed ratio, fixed interval, variable ratio
variable interval
fixed number of times, fixed time, not fixed number of times, not fixed time
partial reinforcement / continuous reinforcement
reinforcing a response only part of the time / reinforcing response every time
latent learning
learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is a chance to demonstrate
insight learning
sudden realization of a solution to a problem
implicit memory
info remembered unconsciously without effort
explicit memory
memory of facts and experiences with effort
working memory
small amount of info that can be held in mind
shallow processing
encoding on a basic level based on the structure of words
deep processing
encoding words by its meaning
motivated forgetting / repression
tendency to forget unfavorable or unpleasant memories
algorithm
logical procedure that guarantees an answer
heuristic
simple thinking strategy that allows us to make judgments --> leads to errors
linguistic determinism
language we speak in determines the way we think
episodic memory
memory for biographical details of our lives ex) I remember when . . .
semantic memory
Memory for language, facts, general knowledge ex) I know that . . .
state-dependent memory
memory retrieval is most efficient when an individual is in the same state of consciousness as they were when the memory was formed
belief bias
tendency to judge something and make conclusions based on a person's belief
belief preserverance
sticking with your initial conception despite clear proof that discredits it
representativeness heuristics
judging the probability based on how well something represents the prototype
availability heuristic
judging the probability based on how well it pops up in our memory