front 1 What does the cell membrane contain? | back 1 Phospholipid Bi-layer |
front 2 The head of a phospholipid is__. | back 2 Hydrophilic |
front 3 The tail of a phospholipid is__. | back 3 Hydrophobic |
front 4 In the Fluid Mosaic Model it says: unsaturated fatty acids are __ than those rich in saturated fatty acid. | back 4 more fluid |
front 5 In the Fluid Mosaic Model it says: at warm temperatures (37 Celsius/ 98.6 Fahrenheit), cholesterol__. | back 5 restrains movement of phospholipids |
front 6 In the Fluid Mosaic Model it says: at cooler temperatures, a cell membrane__. | back 6 switches from a fluid state to a solid state |
front 7 Type of proteins that go all the way through the membrane to the external. | back 7 Integral Proteins |
front 8 Type of proteins that adhere only temporarily to the biological membrane with which they are associated and attach to integral proteins | back 8 Peripheral Proteins |
front 9 Examples of integral proteins | back 9 Transmembrane Proteins, Transport Proteins, Receptor Proteins |
front 10 Blocks the beta receptors from binding with hormones such as adrenaline | back 10 Beta blockers |
front 11 Permeability is influenced by__ | back 11 concentration, gradients, solubility, fluidity |
front 12 Moves ions or molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration (with the concentration gradient) so, it does not require energy. | back 12 Passive Transport |
front 13 The types of Passive Transport are __. | back 13 Diffusion and Osmosis |
front 14 The types of Diffusion are __. | back 14 Simple Diffusion and Facilitated Diffusion |
front 15 Molecules pass directly through the membrane | back 15 Simple Diffusion |
front 16 Molecules pass through the membrane with the help of carrier molecules | back 16 Facilitated Diffusion |
front 17 In Facilitated Diffusion, the __ have a charged passageway through which water molecules or a specific solute can pass. | back 17 Channel Proteins |
front 18 The concentration of solutes outside of the cell relative to inside of the cell | back 18 Tonicity |
front 19 Based on the concentration of impermeable molecules (solutes) that make up a solution inside and outside the membrane | back 19 Osmolarity |
front 20 When there is a higher amount of solutes outside of cell and more H20 in cell the solution is__. | back 20 Hypertonic |
front 21 When there is a lower amount of solutes outside of cell and less H20 in cell the solution is__. | back 21 Hypotonic |
front 22 When there is an equal amount of solutes outside of cell and an equal amountof H20 in cell the solution is__. | back 22 Isotonic |
front 23 Integral membrane pore proteins that electively conduct water molecules in and out of the cell, while preventing the passage of ions and other solutes, also known as water channels. | back 23 Aquaporins |
front 24 Moves ions or molecules from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration (against the concentration gradient), assisted by enzymes so, it does require energy (usually in the form of ATP). | back 24 Active Transport |
front 25 Type of Active Transport that uses ATP to pump sodium out of the cell and then bring is able to bring potassium in from outside of the cell | back 25 Na+/K+ pumps |
front 26 Type of Active Transport that moves 2 molecules at the same time | back 26 Cotransport |
front 27 The type of Active Transport that allows for movement of macromolecules such as proteins or polysaccharides into or out of the cell is called__. | back 27 Bulk Transport |
front 28 What are the two types of Bulk Transport? | back 28 Endocytosis and Exocytosis |
front 29 What are the types of Endocytosis? | back 29 Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis, and Receptor-mediated |
front 30 Type of Endocytosis that does "cell eating"; large particles/cells are engulfed by another cell | back 30 Phagocytosis |
front 31 What are some example of phagocytosis? | back 31 Protists (amoeba) and White blood cells |
front 32 A process in which a cell engulfs extracellular material through an inward folding of its plasma membrane. | back 32 Endocytosis |
front 33 Cellular "drinking"; a type of endocytosis in which the cell takes fluid and dissolved solutes into small membranous vesicles. | back 33 Pinocytosis |
front 34 Addition of actin monomers at the plasma membrane interface generates protrusive force that drives eukaryotic motility. | back 34 Actin polymerization |
front 35 Type of cells that engulf that whatever foreign cells and molecules they encounter and recognize | back 35 Phagocytic |
front 36 Found within the lymph nodes, they are phagocytes that destroy bacteria, cancer cells, and other foreign matter in the lymphatic stream. | back 36 Macrophage |
front 37 Intracellular vesicle containing material taken up by phagocytosis. | back 37 Phagosome |
front 38 Protein that can assemble into a basket-like network that gives budding vesicles their shape during Endocytosis and Exocytosis | back 38 Clathrin |
front 39 A highly specific cellular uptake type of Endocytosis that makes the molecule that are to be taken, bind to cell surface receptor found in a clathrin-coated pit | back 39 Receptor-mediated |
front 40 A process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane. | back 40 Exocytosis |
front 41 Sum of all metabolic pathways | back 41 Cellular Metabolism |
front 42 The two types of pathways in the the Metabolism are | back 42 Catabolic and Anabolic |
front 43 The type of metabolic pathways that break down big molecules and release energy that was contained in the chemical bonds | back 43 Catabolic |
front 44 The type of metabolic pathways that consume and store energy in the bonds when building large molecules | back 44 Anabolic |
front 45 the study of the transformation of energy in living organisms. | back 45 Bioenernergetics |
front 46 Energy of an object when in motion | back 46 Kinetic |
front 47 Energy of an object when not in motion | back 47 Potential |
front 48 Energy stored in chemical bonds | back 48 Chemical |
front 49 Energy can never be created nor destroyed | back 49 First Law of Thermodynamics |
front 50 Entropy of any isolated system always increases. | back 50 Second Law of Thermodynamics |
front 51 a measure of disorder that increases when there is a conversion of energy that is not perfectly efficient | back 51 Entropy |
front 52 A type of reaction that breaks down bigger molecules into smaller ones and also release energy | back 52 Exergonic |
front 53 A type of reaction that forms bigger molecules from the intake of energy and smaller molecules | back 53 Endergonic |
front 54 When an exergonic reaction powers the endergonic reaction | back 54 Coupled reaction |
front 55 When energy goes from kinetic to potential | back 55 ΔG+ |
front 56 When energy goes from potential to kinetic | back 56 ΔG- |
front 57 Performs work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system | back 57 Gibbs Free Energy (G) |
front 58 Type of molecule that is made in mitochondria from adenine, ribose, and phosphate group. Provides energy for reactions, activate other molecules in cell. (the free-floating rechargeable batteries in all living things) | back 58 ATP |
front 59 Some functions that require ATP are | back 59 Chemical work, transport work, mechanical work |
front 60 ATP is made from | back 60 ADP, Phosphate Group, and Energy |
front 61 Proteins that initiate and speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy | back 61 Enzymes |
front 62 Substrates enter the active site, substrates and active site change shape to promote a reaction between the substrates, the substrates, bonded together, leave enzyme: the enzyme is ready for a new set of substrates | back 62 Enzymatic process |
front 63 Enzymatic reactions are limited by | back 63 Amount of time and Amount of substrate |
front 64 2 types of cellular regulation of enzymes | back 64 feedback inhibition and allosteric regulation |
front 65 uses a metabolic pathway to turn off/on the activity of an enzyme, the body sends the signal to the cell to turn off/on activity | back 65 Feedback Inhibition |
front 66 molecules bind to the activator or inhibitor sites on the enzyme to temporarily regulate its activity (drugs/poisons) | back 66 Allosteric Regulation |
front 67 What are the to types of Allosteric Regulation? | back 67 Competitive Inhibition and Noncompetitive Inhibition |
front 68 Type of Allosteric Regulation that goes into the active site to block entry of the substrate | back 68 Competitive Inhibition |
front 69 Type of Allosteric Regulation that blocks the active site by changing the shape of the site by pushing it from outside so substrates no longer fit | back 69 Noncompetitive Inhibition |
front 70 When there is a higher affinity and the active site is able to bind the substrate better, easier and for longer there is an Allosteric __ present | back 70 Activator |
front 71 When there is a lower affinity and the active site is not able to bind the substrate as efficiently there is an Allosteric __ present | back 71 Inhibitor |
front 72 Type of allosteric activation which changes conformation of all active sites so reactions can occur | back 72 Cooperativity |
front 73 The Enzyme that breaks down ATP into ADP and P to release energy to the cell | back 73 ATPase |
front 74 The process of breaking down ATP into ADP and Phosphate to release energy to the cell is called | back 74 ATP Hydrolysis |
front 75 The Enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of ADP and Phosphate to create ATP is called | back 75 ATP Synthase |
front 76 The process of catalyzing the reaction of ADP and Phosphate to create ATP is called | back 76 ATP Dehydration Synthesis |
front 77 Require activation energy(usually in the form of ATP) | back 77 Enzymatic reactions |
front 78 molecules that help to make enzymatic reactions occur | back 78 Coenzymes |
front 79 An example of an Endergonic reaction | back 79 Synthesis of DNA |
front 80 An example of an Exergonic reaction | back 80 Glycolysis |