front 1 Physical Changes | back 1 Changes without changing its chemical composition
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front 2 Chemical Changes | back 2 When 1 or more substances change into new substances
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front 3 Physical Property | back 3 observed without changing chemical compostion
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front 4 Chmical property | back 4 ability to undergo a chem reaction
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front 5 Law of conservation of mass | back 5 matter is neither created no destroyed |
front 6 Elements | back 6 a pure substance that can not be broken down into simpler substances |
front 7 Compounds | back 7 pure substance made from atoms of 2 or more different elements that are chemically bonded (H20) |
front 8 Dalton's Atomic Theory | back 8 1. All matter is made of atoms that are indivisible and indestructible
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front 9 Structure of an Atom | back 9 Nucleus: Made of protons and neutrons (In the center)
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front 10 Godl foil Experiment | back 10 ERnest Rutherford shot positively charged particles (alpha particles) at a thin piece of foil and some went right through while some reflected back
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front 11 # of protons= | back 11 atomic # and # of electrons |
front 12 atomic # = | back 12 # protons and # electrons |
front 13 Mass #= | back 13 # protons + # neutrons |
front 14 Isotopes | back 14 forms of the same atom that vary in mass and have a different number of neutrons (common to al elements-not all natural) |
front 15 Hyphen Notation | back 15 Cu-63 (63=mass) |
front 16 Nuclear Symbol | back 16 63 CU
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front 17 Quantum Mechanical Model | back 17 (Schrodinger) Quantum- the amount of energy required to move an electron from its present energy level to the nest higher one
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front 18 Energy level | back 18 (Floors) region aroudn teh nucleus where the electron is likely to be moving n= 1, 2, 3, 4, etc |
front 19 Sublevels | back 19 (Rooms) each energy level is broken up into sublevels
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front 20 Orbitals | back 20 (Beds) 2 electrons per bed
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front 21 Democritus | back 21 believed that matter was composed of atoms based on mental reasoning |
front 22 John Dalton | back 22 believed atoms were solid and indivisible mass based on research |
front 23 J.J Thomson | back 23 (plum pudding)discovered the electron, electrons stuck into a lump of positively charged material- didnt know specifics |
front 24 Ernest Rutherford | back 24 Most of an atoms mass is concentrated in a small positively charged region called the nucleus |
front 25 Neils Bohr | back 25 electrons orbit around the nucleus |
front 26 Quantum Mechanical | back 26 Erwin Shrodinger- based on math- where the electrons are located |
front 27 DeChancourtois | back 27 fully functioning periodic table on a cylinder |
front 28 Canizaro | back 28 atomic mass |
front 29 Mendeleyev | back 29 periodic table |
front 30 Mosley | back 30 arranged table based on mass |
front 31 Seaborg | back 31 Final version of the table |
front 32 Light | back 32 Little packets of photons |
front 33 Wavelength (h) | back 33 Visible light ahs a h of 700-750 nm
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front 34 Frequency | back 34 v |
front 35 Velocity (C) | back 35 C=hv
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front 36 Calculating energy of a photon | back 36 E=Hv
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front 37 Brightness of a light depends on... | back 37 Amplitude |
front 38 Ionization energy | back 38 energy required to remvoe an electron from an ion or atom |
front 39 Electronegativity | back 39 low to high
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front 40 Atomic Radius | back 40 an atom's size depending on the volume occupied by electrons around the nucleus |
front 41 Octet Rule | back 41 atoms will have 8 valence elctrons |
front 42 Chemical Bond | back 42 bodnign together of atoms due to an electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence elctrons (ionic and covalent) |
front 43 Ionic bonds | back 43 attraction of ions in which atoms completely give up electrons to other atoms (cations+anions) |
front 44 Ionic compound | back 44 combination of a metal cation and a non-metal anion in order to establish a stable, neutral compound |
front 45 Cation | back 45 Positive charge (metals) |
front 46 Anions | back 46 Negative charge (nonmetals) |
front 47 Monoatomic Ion | back 47 Made up of one type of atom |
front 48 Polyatomic Ion | back 48 Tightly bound group of atoms that act as a whole and have a charge- NH4 |
front 49 Calculating cation charge | back 49 1.Find the charge of the anion
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front 50 Covalent compounds | back 50 bonds form so atoms can be stable |
front 51 Covalent bonds | back 51 forms from the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons |
front 52 Non-polar covalent | back 52 Bonding electrons are being shared equally between the bonded atoms |
front 53 polar covalent | back 53 shared pair of electrons is held more closely by one fo the atoms
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front 54 Dipole | back 54 a molecule that has a positvie end and a negative end |
front 55 Lewis Dot structure | back 55 Add together total number of valence electrons |
front 56 Avogadros # | back 56 1 mole = 6.022 * 10 23 |
front 57 Molar Mass | back 57 mass in grams of 1 mole of a substance |
front 58 Percent composition | back 58 Molar Mass of element *10
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front 59 Empirical formula | back 59 shows the simplest ration for elements
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front 60 Molecular formula | back 60 a whole number multipe of an empirical formula |
front 61 Synthesis | back 61 A+B= AB |
front 62 Decompostion | back 62 AB = A + B |
front 63 Single Displacement | back 63 AB + M = MB + A |
front 64 Double Displacement | back 64 AB + CD = AD + BC |
front 65 Combustion | back 65 CxHyO2 = CO2 + H20 |
front 66 Diatomic | back 66 Br I N Cl H O F |
front 67 Stoichiometry | back 67 use of reactatnts and products to perform calculations |
front 68 Actual yield | back 68 measured amount of a product obtaienc from a reaction |
front 69 Theoretical | back 69 max amount of product that can be produced in a given reaction |
front 70 Limiting Reactant | back 70 1.convert both reactants to grams of the same product
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front 71 Kinetic Molecular Theory | back 71 1. used to predict gas behavior
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front 72 Solvent | back 72 dissolving medium |
front 73 Soute | back 73 what is being dissolved |
front 74 Hydrogen Bond | back 74 bond between hydrogen and dipole |
front 75 London dispersion | back 75 al the electrons are on one side and it is a temporary dipole |
front 76 Dipole-dipole | back 76 like a battery |
front 77 Heterogeneous Mixture | back 77 not uniform throughout, composed of dissimilar things, can be seperated |
front 78 Homogeneous Mixture | back 78 uniform composition or structure throughout, same proportions throught can not be filtered |
front 79 Suspension | back 79 particles are initially dispersed but will eventually settle out (Hetero) |
front 80 Solution | back 80 Particles are dispersed throughout (homo) |
front 81 Colloid | back 81 gas dispersed in liquid (particles are intermediate in size betweeen those of solutions and suspensions (S, L, G) |
front 82 Electrolyte | back 82 a substance that dissolves in a liquid solvent and provides ions that conduct electricity |
front 83 non-electrolyte | back 83 does not allow an electric curret to move through (no ions) |
front 84 Saturated | back 84 Can not dissolve any more solute under conditions |
front 85 Unsaturated | back 85 solution with less solute then the saturated solution-can dissolve more |
front 86 Super Saturated | back 86 A soluton with more dissolved solute than a saturated and cannot dissolve more |
front 87 Boiling Point Elevation | back 87 dissolved salt raises the boiling point causing water to boil at a higher temp |
front 88 Freezing Point Depression | back 88 dissolved salt lowers the freezing point |
front 89 Colligative Property | back 89 a property of a substance that is determined by the number of particles present in the system but independent of the properties of the particles themselves- the degree of the effect depends on the concentration |
front 90 Reversible Reactions | back 90 products reform into the original reactants |
front 91 Neutralization | back 91 Occurs when H30 and OH react to rofm H20 and salt |
front 92 Equivalence Point | back 92 point at which neutralization reaction is complete |
front 93 Titration | back 93 gradual additon of one solution to another reach teh equivalence point |
front 94 self ionization | back 94 when a pair of H20 molecules are in equilibrium |