front 1 Which types of muscle can respond to hormonal signals from the Endocrine System? Cardiac and smooth muscle Smooth and striated muscle Skeletal and cardiac muscle Smooth and skeletal muscle | back 1 Cardiac and smooth muscle |
front 2 Which type of muscle produces steady, peristaltic contractions that allow substances (ie food in the digestive tract) to move throughout the body? peritoneal skeletal muscle diaphragmatic striated muscle visceral smooth muscle thoracic cardiac muscle | back 2 visceral smooth muscle |
front 3 Muscle contraction depends on the action of actin and myosin in response to ____ ions. Sodium Calcium Magnesium Potassium | back 3 Calcium |
front 4 The ability of cardiac muscle to contract in a wave-like pattern and function as a pump is due to: Intercalated discs Mitochondria Hormones Myoglobin | back 4 Intercalated discs |
front 5 Dilation and constriction of blood vessels relies on the action of: Striated muscle Smooth muscle Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle | back 5 Smooth muscle |
front 6 In the Sliding Filament Model of muscle contraction, what happens to the A band during this process? It increases in width It decreases in width It stays the same width It initially increases, then decreases in width | back 6 It stays the same width |
front 7 What are the products of ATP hydrolyzation? ATP and ADP ADP and Phosphate ATP and Phosphate ATP cannot be hydrolyzed | back 7 ADP and Phosphate |
front 8 Muscle fatigue occurs as ______ increases in concentration in the muscle tissues. Lactic acid Hyaluronic acid Hydrochloric acid Fatty acids | back 8 Lactic acid |
front 9 What type of molecule is myoglobin? Lipid Nucleic acid Carbohydrate Protein | back 9 Protein |
front 10 When a muscle atrophies, which of the following occurs? Muscle strength increases The number of sarcomeres and myofibrils decrease The number of muscle fibers decreases Muscle tone and flexibility both increase | back 10 The number of sarcomeres and myofibrils decrease |
front 11 Isotonic contractions differ from isometric contractions in that: They are common names for the same type of muscle movement Isometric contractions increase the angle of a skeletal muscle joint Isotonic contractions increase the tension in the muscle Isometric contractions do not move a load | back 11 Isometric contractions do not move a load |
front 12 The size of a motor unit is dependent on: The amount of muscle tension required All motor units are the same size The angle of the joint of the skeletal muscles involved The number of motor neurons | back 12 The amount of muscle tension required |
front 13 In terms of isotonic contractions, a concentric contraction is defined by: The shortening of a muscle to move a load Keeping the angle of a skeletal muscle joint stable while the muscle contracts The lengthening of a muscle to move a load The increase in the angle of a skeletal muscle joint | back 13 The shortening of a muscle to move a load |
front 14 Which of the following statements is TRUE? Muscle tone during sleep or rest creates complete tetanus Muscle tone is always maintained in the body to stabilize joints and maintain posture Muscle tone decreases with skeletal movement Muscle tone decreases to zero when the body is at rest | back 14 Muscle tone is always maintained in the body to stabilize joints and maintain posture |
front 15 What is meant by a muscle “twitch”? An isolated contraction caused by a single action potential from a motor neuron A group of intense contractions caused by a motor unit in the smooth muscle A hormonal cascade from the Endocrine system resulting in a new muscle innervation Muscle fibers contracting in a wave-like motion as they continue through a limb | back 15 An isolated contraction caused by a single action potential from a motor neuron |
front 16 Fast oxidative muscle fiber cells contain more _____ due to their need for consistent ATP production. Nuclei Mitochondria Endoplasmic reticulum Ribosomes | back 16 Mitochondria |
front 17 Aerobic respiration requires ______ in order to produce ATP. Carbon dioxide and glucagon Oxygen and glucose Hydrogen and oxygen Glucose and glucagon | back 17 Oxygen and glucose |
front 18 What happens to muscle fibers with increased resistance exercise and training? They increase in thickness due to increased formation of myofibrils They show hypotrophy due to reduction in muscle mass There is a decrease in the number of FG fibers There is an overall decrease in the number of sarcomeres | back 18 They increase in thickness due to increased formation of myofibrils |
front 19 Which of the following types of muscle fibers fatigues the fastest? Fast oxidative fibers Slow oxidative fibers Slow glycolytic fibers Fast glycolytic fibers | back 19 Fast glycolytic fibers |
front 20 What has to occur in order to increase muscle mass when weight-training? Training sessions have to increase the amount of weight lifted over time The weights have to be varied each session to ensure a wide range of values A week or more has to pass between weight lifting sessions during training The weights have to steadily decrease in amount over successive sessions | back 20 Training sessions have to increase the amount of weight lifted over time |
front 21 A group of muscle fibers bundled by connective tissue as a unit within the muscle tissue is termed a(n): Fascicle Perimysium Sphincter Fascia | back 21 Fascicle |
front 22 Superficial muscles differ from deep in that: Superficial muscles have more connections to the skeletal system Superficial muscles are located closer to the skin Deep muscles are exposed to the outer surface of the body Deep muscles contain less surface area overall | back 22 Superficial muscles are located closer to the skin |
front 23 A muscle's origin is: The junction of a muscle with its associated tendons and ligaments The attachment site to the skeleton which does not move during contraction The place where the skeleton is pulled by the muscle during contraction The location where a muscle is innervated by the nervous system | back 23 The attachment site to the skeleton which does not move during contraction |
front 24 A muscle characterized by having widespread expansion with fascicles joining at a single, common attachment point is termed: Pennate Pinnate Convergent Parallel | back 24 Convergent |
front 25 The prefix “quad” as used in naming the quadriceps muscle means that: It is one of a group of four muscles in that location It uses four motor neurons to achieve movement It is connected to four different bones of the skeletal system It has four potential directions of movement | back 25 It is one of a group of four muscles in that location |
front 26 Dilation and constriction of blood vessels relies on the action of: Striated muscle Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle Skeletal muscle | back 26 Smooth muscle |
front 27 The ability of muscle tissue to return to its original length when relaxed is due to: Elasticity Extensibility Excitability Contractility | back 27 Elasticity |
front 28 Which types of muscle can respond to hormonal signals from the Endocrine System? Smooth and skeletal muscle Skeletal and cardiac muscle Cardiac and smooth muscle Smooth and striated muscle | back 28 Cardiac and smooth muscle |
front 29 Skeletal muscle is unique from other muscle types (cardiac, smooth) in that it can only be contracted functionally is through: Effectors Hormone stimulation Endocrine target organs Nervous stimulation | back 29 Nervous stimulation |
front 30 The cytoplasm found in muscle cells is termed: Chondroplasm Sarcoplasm Myoplasm Somatoplasm | back 30 Sarcoplasm |
front 31 The striations seen in skeletal muscle are created by the particular arrangement of filaments of: Cysteine and glycine Glutamine and glutamic acid Actin and myosin Fibrin and fibrinogen | back 31 Actin and myosin |
front 32 What is meant by “Fibrosis”? Smooth muscle regeneration in the blood vessels Muscle tissue growth due to the action of myofibrils Significant damage to muscle tissue causes replacement of muscle fibers by scar tissue Increased fiber intake that aids in elimination of waste in muscle tissues | back 32 Significant damage to muscle tissue causes replacement of muscle fibers by scar tissue |
front 33 Sarcopenia is caused by: Muscle tone and elasticity increases from isotonic muscle contractions Muscle atrophy due to the aging process and accompanying loss of muscle fibers Increased resistance to disease and atrophy from strength training Increase in muscle mass due to repair after significant injury | back 33 Muscle atrophy due to the aging process and accompanying loss of muscle fibers |
front 34 Why is it important to ensure muscles are exercised continuously, even when damaged or atrophied? Exercise decreases blood flow to the skeletal muscles Injured muscles produce more oxygen for the body Muscle tissue requires exercise to produce protein Non-used muscle tissue eventually becomes necrotic | back 34 Non-used muscle tissue eventually becomes necrotic |
front 35 Muscle cells are replaced by _____ as they degenerate and die. Adipose and endothelial tissue Connective and epithelial tissue Connective and adipose tissue Neural and epithelial tissue | back 35 Connective and adipose tissue |
front 36 What is the function of satellite cells? To repair skeletal muscle cells and facilitate growth To generate new muscle linkages to the nervous system To break down injured or dead muscle tissue To make connections between smooth and skeletal muscle | back 36 To repair skeletal muscle cells and facilitate growth |
front 37 Muscle tissue in the body arises from which embryonic layer? Endoderm Ectoderm Myoderm Mesoderm | back 37 Mesoderm |
front 38 A reduction in the size of motor units as we age also results in: Increased muscle tension and more smooth muscle innervation Increased muscle stimulation and increased skeletal muscle innervation Decreased muscle stimulation and a decrease in muscle tension Decreased muscle innervation and increased muscle tension | back 38 Decreased muscle stimulation and a decrease in muscle tension |
front 39 The origin of the facial muscle responsible for smiling is the: Maxilla Zygomatic bone Occipital bone Frontal bone | back 39 Zygomatic bone |
front 40 The prime mover of the facial muscle that is responsible for flaring of the nostrils is the: Occipito-frontalis Corrugator supercilii Nasalis Levator labii superioris | back 40 Nasalis |
front 41 The facial muscle that moves the lips is called the: Orbicularis oculi Epicranial aponeurosis Orbicularis oris Occipitofrontalis | back 41 Orbicularis oris |
front 42 The muscle responsible for rotating and tilting the head both side-to-side and forwards is called the: Erector spinae Transversospinales Sternocleido-mastoid Splenius cervicis | back 42 Sternocleido-mastoid |
front 43 In order to drink through a straw, what prime mover facial muscle must be used? Mentalis Buccinator Depressor angulus oris Depressor labii inferioris | back 43 Buccinator |
front 44 The act of deglutition is also known as: Coughing Swallowing Speaking Laughing | back 44 Swallowing |
front 45 What is the function of the caval opening in the diaphragm? To collect excess interstitial fluid from the Circulatory system To allow negative air pressure to build up for inhalation To give the ribs room to expand during exhalation To serve as a passageway for blood vessels | back 45 To serve as a passageway for blood vessels |
front 46 What is represented by the linea alba? A superficial layer of muscles forming the lateral abdominal walls A transverse band that separates the abdominal wall in half A fibrous band that encloses the rectus abdominis muscles A thoracic layer of connective tissue that enables rib expansion | back 46 A fibrous band that encloses the rectus abdominis muscles |
front 47 Which of the following abdominal muscles would be most useful during childbirth? Transversus abdominus External obliques Rectus abdominis Quadratus lumborum | back 47 Transversus abdominus |
front 48 What is the difference between the Peritoneum and the Perineum? The perineum includes the external genitals and anus The perineum encloses the lungs as a protective mesentery The peritoneum is found in the thoracic cavity The peritoneum is found in the cranial cavity | back 48 The perineum includes the external genitals and anus |
front 49 The _____ is the most important muscle of the pelvic floor, as it functions to support the pelvic viscera and aid in defecation Perineum Pubic rami Urethrovaginalis Levator ani | back 49 Levator ani |
front 50 The muscle that is the prime mover of inhalation and exhalation is the: Diaphragm Ischio-cavernosus Levator ani Ischiococcygeus | back 50 Diaphragm |
front 51 What is the function of the external urethral sphincter? To keep filtrate from leaving the renal pelvis in the kidneys The maintain osmolarity of the urine To stimulate the ureters to release urine into the bladder To compress the urethra voluntarily during urination | back 51 To compress the urethra voluntarily during urination |
front 52 The movement of turning the hand so the palm is facing anteriorly is called: Supination Eversion Rotation Pronation | back 52 Supination |
front 53 The extrinsic muscles of the hand originate in the: Fingertips Elbow Shoulder Forearm | back 53 Forearm |
front 54 The movement of shrugging the shoulder originates in which of the following muscles? Trapezius Rhomboid minor Subclavius Pectoralis minor | back 54 Trapezius |
front 55 The prime mover that creates the motion of lifting the arms upwards is the: Deltoid Infraspinatus Scapularis Brachialis | back 55 Deltoid |
front 56 Moving the thumb to touch the fingertips of the phalanges is termed: Opposition Synergy Abduction Hyperflexion | back 56 Opposition |
front 57 Flexion of the arms involves the action of which of the following? Pronator teres Biceps brachii Triceps brachii Supinator | back 57 Biceps brachii |
front 58 One of the largest and most powerful muscles in the body is this muscle, which is used to lower the knee and move the thigh back, as when getting ready to kick a ball Gluteus maximus Iliacus Psoas major Tensor fascia lata | back 58 Gluteus maximus |
front 59 The gastrocnemius muscle can be characterized as: The largest muscle in the lower back The muscle group supporting the head and neck The most superficial and visible calf muscle The most important muscle in terms of stabilizing the ankles | back 59 The most superficial and visible calf muscle |
front 60 The Fibularis longus and Fibularis brevis give the body the ability to: Lower the sole of the foot to the ground when jumping Both flex and evert the lower legs at the patella/knee Lift the leg off the ground at the knee Raise the big toe anteriorly | back 60 Lower the sole of the foot to the ground when jumping |
front 61 Movement of the toes downward, as seen in dancers such as ballerinas, is termed: Dorsiflexion Plantar flexion Rotation Eversion | back 61 Plantar flexion |
front 62 The muscles that move the femur originate at which of the following? At the tibia and fibula Lower lumbar area The pelvic girdle The patella | back 62 The pelvic girdle |
front 63 Which of the following is responsible for supporting the longitudinal arch of the foot? Plantar aponeurosis Extensor digitorum brevis Abductor hallucis Lumbricals | back 63 Plantar aponeurosis |
front 64 When a muscle atrophies, which of the following occurs? The number of muscle fibers decreases Muscle tone and flexibility both increase The number of sarcomeres and myofibrils decrease Muscle strength increases | back 64 The number of sarcomeres and myofibrils decrease |
front 65 The form of glucose stored in muscle tissue that can be metabolized for ATP generation is: Glycogen Starch Pyruvate Citrate | back 65 Glycogen |
front 66 Muscle contraction is initiated by release of the neurotransmitter: Serotonin Epinephrine Dopamine Acetylcholine | back 66 Acetylcholine |
front 67 An abductor muscle is one that: Moves a body part away from the midline Is tiny and lifts a body part upwards Moves a body part downwards towards the feet Is on a hand or foot appendage | back 67 Moves a body part away from the midline |
front 68 The prefix “bi” as used in the naming of the biceps brachii means that: The muscle has two origins The muscle uses two ligaments The muscle is innervated by two motor neurons The muscle is capable of two directions of movement | back 68 The muscle has two origins |
front 69 Which of the following is not involved in the contraction of smooth muscle? Calmodulin Troponin Myosin Actin | back 69 Troponin |
front 70 Skeletal muscle is innervated by: Somatic motor neurons Systemic motor neurons Efferent sensory neurons Afferent sensory neurons | back 70 Somatic motor neurons |
front 71 Joint stability is achieved by small, constant adjustments of which muscle type? Smooth Visceral Cardiac Skeletal | back 71 Skeletal |