front 1 How many years ago did life begin on earth? 3.5 billion years ago 5,000 years ago You call this life? 3.5 million years ago | back 1 3.5 billion years ago |
front 2 Who is the father of microbiology and showed that spontaneous generation of life was false? Louis Pasteur Louis Armstrong Antoine Von Leeuwenhoek Linus Pauling | back 2 Louis Pasteur |
front 3 Small self-replicating circular DNA molecules that can produce antibiotic resistance are called _______. Inclusion bodies Plasmids Chromosomes Ribosomes | back 3 Plasmids |
front 4 Who is credited with developing the “Scientific Method”? Carl Woesse Robert Koch Louis Pasteur Linus Pauling | back 4 Robert Koch |
front 5 The chromosome of a Bacterium contains? RNA Circular DNA Phospholipids Lipopolysaccharides | back 5 Circular DNA |
front 6 Which of the following is NOT a sequence in the infection cycle of a virus? Synthesis Mitosis Attachment Release | back 6 Mitosis |
front 7 This organelle is responsible for protein modifications (glycosylation) and packaging proteins for the membrane and secretion pathways. Rough endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondria Centrosome Golgi Apparatus | back 7 Golgi Apparatus |
front 8 Cell membranes of eukaryotic cells contain which of the following? Amino acid cross-linkages Glycocalyx A sterol molecule like cholesterol Peptidoglycan | back 8 A sterol molecule like cholesterol |
front 9 How does a Lytic Virus get released from its host cell? Phagocytosis Teleportation Ruptures cell membrane Exocytosis | back 9 Ruptures cell membrane |
front 10 All the following are nucleic acids found in viruses EXCEPT? (+) Strand DNA (-) Strand RNA Double Stranded DNA (+) Strand RNA | back 10 (+) Strand DNA |
front 11 What does the abbreviation RNA mean? Ribonucleic acid Ribonuclear acid Royal Nerd Academy Robonucleic acid | back 11 Ribonucleic acid |
front 12 Which of the following Eukaryotic structures contains DNA and Histones? Plasmid Chromosome Flagella Ribosome | back 12 Chromosome |
front 13 Which of the following best describes the relationship between a particular virus and its host? Any virus us capable of infecting any cell A virus has a narrow range of species that it can infect specific to key membrane receptors. RNA viruses can infect all mammalian cells. DNA viruses are specific to humans. | back 13 A virus has a narrow range of species that it can infect specific to key membrane receptors. |
front 14 What type of nucleic acid does an infectious virus of the retrovirus HIV contain? Prion DNA and RNA DNA RNA | back 14 RNA |
front 15 Which of the following is an outer membrane derived from the infected host? Flagella Virus membrane Envelope DNA | back 15 Envelope |
front 16 Enzymes increase the rate of reaction by lowering the __________ energy. chemical activation bond kinetic | back 16 activation |
front 17 When an E. Coli cell contains high levels of lactose, the lactose
will bind with the ___. repressor operator promoter | back 17 repressor |
front 18 How many hydrogen bonds are between adenine and thymine? 3 5 2 1 | back 18 2 |
front 19 Which of the following is the strongest base pair? adenine-uracil adenine-thymine guanine-thymine guanine-cytosine | back 19 guanine-cytosine |
front 20 Which of the following processes requires contact between donor and recipient cells? conjugation transcription transformation transduction | back 20 conjugation |
front 21 A plasmid is a/an _____. molecule that carries the genetic message of the chromosomal DNA chromosomal site to which genetic activity can be traced body found in the cytoplasm that directs protein synthesis extrachromosomal piece of DNA that can self-replicate | back 21 extrachromosomal piece of DNA that can self-replicate |
front 22 The AUG codon functions in coding for the amino acid methionine and as a marker for introns start signal termination signal "wobble" codon | back 22 start signal |
front 23 Messenger RNA: contains uracil instead of thymine is synthesized using the enzyme ligase is found only in prokaryotes is formed in the ribosome | back 23 contains uracil instead of thymine |
front 24 Proteins are synthesized from which of the following? Fats Sugar residues Amino acids Nucleotides | back 24 Amino acids |
front 25 Translation in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes occurs within what enzyme complex? Ribosome DNA polymerase Spliceosome RNA polymerase | back 25 Ribosome |
front 26 Diseases acquired in hospital settings are known as ____________. noninfectious diseases zoonotic diseases iatrogenic diseases nosocomial diseases | back 26 nosocomial diseases |
front 27 Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease which is an example of a ____________ disease. noninfectious nosocomial infectious iatrogenic | back 27 noninfectious |
front 28 Diseases that are constantly present at a low level in a population within a particular geographic region are called ____________ diseases. Pandemic Sporadic Epidemic Endemic | back 28 Endemic |
front 29 What does the R in TORCH stand for? Rabies Ricketts Rubella Rash | back 29 Rubella |
front 30 How does penicillin kill bacteria?. Inhibit cell wall synthesis Inhibit protein synthesis Inhibit nucleic acid synthesis Disrupt membranes | back 30 Inhibit cell wall synthesis |
front 31 Which type of organism cannot survive exposure to or use of oxygen? Microaerophile Aerotolerant anaerobe Obligate anaerobe Obligate aerobe | back 31 Obligate anaerobe |
front 32 In which phase of the growth curve do bacteria divide fastest? Log Lag Stationary Death | back 32 Log |
front 33 What is the most common mechanism of cell replication in bacteria called? Conjugation Transduction Transformation Binary fission | back 33 Binary fission |
front 34 Imidazole antifungal drugs like, ketoconazole and miconazole work by interrupting ________ biosynthesis. Chitin Peptidoglycan Ergosterol Cholesterol | back 34 Ergosterol |
front 35 A patient capable of transmitting a pathogen without displaying symptoms is a(an) ______. Asymptomatic carrier Symptomatic carrier Fomite Passive carrier | back 35 Asymptomatic carrier |
front 36 Which of the following has microorganisms growing with no added nutrients or waste removal? Bubble culture Closed culture Transitional culture Continuous culture | back 36 Closed culture |
front 37 What method is used to determine the effectiveness of chemical agents against a particular microbe? Disk-diffusion assay Pharmacological assay Chromatography Fluorescence assay | back 37 Disk-diffusion assay |
front 38 A healthcare professional who fails to wash his hands after seeing a patient harboring an infectious agent could become a(an) ____________. asymptomatic carrier passive carrier symptomatic carrier active carrier | back 38 passive carrier |
front 39 Chemical agents that kill microbes and are safe to use on the human body are called ______. Biologics Disinfectants Sterilants Antiseptics | back 39 Antiseptics |
front 40 Bactericidal drugs do what? Kill pathogens only Enhance the growth of bacteria Kill their target bacteria Cause reversible inhibition of the growth of bacteria | back 40 Kill their target bacteria |
front 41 During bacterial reproduction, cytokinesis and cell division are directed by what protein? FtsZ SRY CFTR RHO | back 41 FtsZ |
front 42 Most bacterial cells divide into two equal new cells by __________. Budding Binary fission Snap division Sporulation | back 42 Binary fission |
front 43 Nonpathogenic bacteria can be grown in what biosafety level lab? BSL-4 BSL-1 BSL-3 BSL-2 | back 43 BSL-1 |
front 44 Antiviral drugs mainly target what? Nucleic acid synthesis Cell wall synthesis Cholesterol synthesis Protein synthesis | back 44 Nucleic acid synthesis |
front 45 Which of the following pH classifications of microbes prefer a pH of 4.5? Basophile Acidophile Neutrophile Alkaliphile | back 45 Acidophile |
front 46 What is the state of being diseased called? Pathogenicity Virulence Morbidity Mortality | back 46 Morbidity |
front 47 The generation time for bacteria is also called the ________ time. Binary Doubling Reproduction Synthesis | back 47 Doubling |
front 48 Influenza is an example of a/an _________ disease, since larger than expected number of cases occurs in a short time within a geographic region. Epidemic Pandemic Endemic Sporadic | back 48 Epidemic |
front 49 Which of the following is a machine used to heat sterilize medical equipment? Sonicator Desiccator Autoclave Freezer | back 49 Autoclave |
front 50 Which is NOT a common portal of entry of microbial agents in humans? Mouth Urethra Liver Nose | back 50 Liver |