front 1 D-monosaccharides penultimate carbon has its OH on the _______. While L-monosaccharides penultimate carbon has its OH on the _________ | back 1 D-right , L-left |
front 2 What are enantiomers? | back 2 Stereoisomers that are mirror images ( D and L configuration ) |
front 3 What are diastereomers? | back 3 Stereoisomers that are not mirror images |
front 4 What are epimers? | back 4 Diastereomers that only differ by 1 carbon |
front 5 The alpha OH is ______ the ring. The beta OH is ______ the ring | back 5 Alpha=> ants => down (trans) Beta => birds => up (cis) |
front 6 What are the steps to drawing a Haworth structure from a Fischer projection? | back 6 1) Number the carbons 2) Turn the backbone 90 degrees sidewways. (Right= down)(Left=up) 3) Cyclize it by connecting the O to the C=O (Turn the 4th carbon H and OH gets switched) 4) Pick any anomer |
front 7 What reduces an aldehyde to alcohol (alditol)? | back 7 NaBH4 |
front 8 What is Sorbitol? | back 8 It is in foods like prunes and cherries and acts like a laxative because it absorbs a lot of water. |
front 9 What is Xylitol? | back 9 In gum. Helps oral biome of those who chew it and also transfers to the fetus if a pregnant mother chews it |
front 10 What is the Maillard Reaction? | back 10 Carmelization. Sugar is oxidized and protein is reduced by heat |
front 11 Reducing Sugars | back 11 Aldehyde oxidized to carboylic acid (1/3 alpha anomer)(2/3 beta anomer) |
front 12 What happens when blood sugar is high for a while? | back 12 Allows glucose to enter red blood cells. Hemoglobin gets glycosylated (HbA1c or A1c). Lessens oxygen delivery increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease, renal (kidney) failure or damage to small blood vessels and nerves. |
front 13 What is formed by the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP | back 13 Phosphoester |
front 14 What does you call two or more monosaccharides connected by an O-glycosidic bond? | back 14 Oligosaccharides which is formed by condensation |
front 15 5-8% of this sugar is in human milk, 4-5% in cow's milk. D-galactose + D-glucose joined by a Beta (1->4) glycosidic bond And is cleaved by ________ | back 15 Lactose and is cleaved by lactase |
front 16 This sugar is D-glucose + D-glucose joined by an alpha (1->4) glycosidic bond Is cleaved by _________ | back 16 Maltose and is cleaved by Maltase |
front 17 This table sugar from sugar cane and sugar beets are made by D-glucose + D- fructose joined by an alpha (1->2) glycosidic bond This is cleaved by ________ | back 17 Sucrose and is cleaved by Sucrase |
front 18 What are some examples of disaccharides? | back 18 Lactose, Maltose, and Sucrose |
front 19 What are some examples of polysaccharides | back 19 Cellulose, Starch, and Glycogen |