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42 notecards = 11 pages (4 cards per page)

Viewing:

Histology(Ch6-9, Slides 33-85)

front 1

What is cell turnover

back 1

the process of shedding/ replacing old cells with new ones, happens in the skin and bone marrow

front 2

What is ischemia

back 2

a less-than-normal amount of blood flow to part of your body

front 3

What are the functions of epithelium

back 3

  • Regulate diffusion, absorption and secretions
  • Cover the innner and outer layer of the organs

front 4

What are the bases we classify epithelial cells on

back 4

Based on:

  • How many layers
  • Cell shape

front 5

Where you can find simple squamous epithelial

back 5

Lungs, blood vessels and body cavities

front 6

Where can you find simple cuboidal cells

back 6

In kidney tubules

front 7

Where can you find simple columnar cells

back 7

In the stomach and gallbladder

front 8

Where can you find stratified squamous epithelial cells

back 8

Skin, esophagus

front 9

Where can you find stratified cuboidal epithelial cells

back 9

Sweat glands

front 10

Where can you find pseudostratified epithelial cells

back 10

Respiratory tracts

front 11

Where can you find transitional epithelial cells

back 11

Bladder

front 12

What are the specialisation of epithelium

back 12

  • Microvilli
  • Cilia
  • Goblet cells
  • Keratin

front 13

What are the types of connections in the epithelium

back 13

  • Tight
  • Adherens
  • Desmosomes
  • Gap
  • Hemidesmosomes

front 14

What are tight junctions good for?

back 14

They're in the apical(surface level) and they're good to not allow leakage

front 15

What are adherent junctions made from

back 15

Actin filament

front 16

What are desmosomes made from

back 16

Intermediate filament

front 17

What are gap junctions used for

back 17

To transmit ions and soluble in water stuff for communication between cells

front 18

What are hemidesmosomes good for

back 18

Connection between the epithelial cell and basal membrane

front 19

What are the bases we categories epithelial glands on

back 19

Based on:

  • If it secrets to tubes or blood vessels directly
  • The shape of secretary regions
  • Secretion mechanism
  • Secretion type

front 20

What are the types of exocrine glands

back 20

  • Simple
  • Compound: branched ducts

front 21

Name examples of tubular secretory region epithelial glands

back 21

Sweat glands

front 22

Name examples of acinar(grape shaped) secretory region epithelial glands

back 22

Salivary glands

front 23

Name the types of epithelial glands based on secretion mechanism

back 23

  • Mecrocrine: by exocytosis(sending vesicles to outside the cell)
  • Holocrine: the stuff are made in the cytoplasm, then the cell explodes causing the stuff to spill all over the place
  • Apcrine: mix of both, which is rare

front 24

What are epithelial glands secretion types

back 24

  • Serous
  • Mucous
  • Mixed

front 25

What are the biggest cells in the human body based on size

back 25

Skeletal muscle cells

front 26

Whats the job of the sino-atrial node

back 26

Its what controls the heart beating, signaling it to beat and regulates it like a peacmaker device would which is a device that balances the heart that beats too fast or too slow

front 27

How many nucleus does the cardiomyocytes have

back 27

One or two centrally located nucleus

front 28

How many junctions are in intercalated discs

back 28

Adherens, desmoses and gap junctions

front 29

Why do cardiac muscle seem straited

back 29

Because of how sarcomers are arranged

front 30

How long are cardiomyocytes

back 30

80-100 microns

front 31

How much is the diameter of cardiomyocytes

back 31

15 microns

front 32

Whats hypertrophy

back 32

Increasing in cardiac muscle size

front 33

Whats hypotrophy

back 33

Decreasing in cardiac muscle size

front 34

Whats the shape of smooth muscle cells

back 34

Spindle-shaped

front 35

What are the junctions in smooth muscle cells

back 35

Desmosomes and gap junctions

front 36

How are smooth muscles not strained but cardiac and skeletal are

back 36

Because smooth muscles lack sarcomers

front 37

Amongst muscle cells which one of them has an undeveloped sarcoplasmatic reticulum SR

back 37

Smooth muscle cells

front 38

Whats smooth muscle cells function in blood vessels

back 38

They contract to ecpel content

front 39

How is duration of smooth muscle contraction

back 39

Long, takes a long time

front 40

Which one of the muscles have the greatest generative capacity

back 40

Smooth muscles

front 41

Whats hyperplasia

back 41

Enlargement of an organ or a tissue by proliferation(quick increasing of number) of cells

front 42

How do smooth muscles regenerate

back 42

By Pericytes that are present in them that devide causing making new muscle cells