front 1 What are zea mays? | back 1 corn |
front 2 Can corn produce male and female gametes? | back 2 yes |
front 3 Can corn self pollinate and cross pollinate? | back 3 yes |
front 4 What is self-pollination? | back 4 When flowers can fertilize its ownself |
front 5 What is cross-pollination? | back 5 When flowers pollinate with other flowers |
front 6 How many chromosomes does corn have? | back 6 10 |
front 7 Who was Gregor Mendel? | back 7 He was an Austrain monk that was interested in botany and biology. He also described the pattern of inheritance |
front 8 What was the pattern of inheritance? | back 8 Its where certain traits are dominant and recessive, with dominant traits masking the effects of recessive genes when present |
front 9 What plant did Gregor Mendel use? | back 9 The garden pea plant (14 chromosomes) |
front 10 What is a phenotype? | back 10 It is the physical (observable) appearance of an organism |
front 11 What is a genotype? | back 11 The genes (composition of DNA) of an organism |
front 12 What is a allele? | back 12 different versions of a gene |
front 13 What is a punnet square? | back 13 It is a graphical representation that allows us to predict the outcomes of the possible genotypes that an offspring can have after cross breeding |
front 14 Why did he chose to use garden peas? | back 14 They are self-pollinating, true-breeding, has 2 phenotypes, and have a short life cycle |
front 15 What is the P generation? | back 15 The parent generation with the inital genes |
front 16 What is the F1 generation? | back 16 the next generation after cross breeding the parent generation |
front 17 What is the F2 generation? | back 17 the next generation after cross breeding the F1 generation |
front 18 What does F stand for (F1/F2) | back 18 Filial generation |
front 19 What is the offspring of the F1 generation? | back 19 100% heterozygous individuals, thus containing both alleles from parents and 100% exhibiting the dominant trait |
front 20 What is the offspring of the F2 generation? | back 20 will have an even amount of homozygous and heterozygous individuals but 75% will exhibit the dominant trait |
front 21 Practice doing monohybrid and dihybrid crosses | back 21 kk |
front 22 Know how to calculate the percentage and fraction | back 22 ugh kk |
front 23 What is probability? (And/Then) | back 23 The likelihood of something happening or being the case |
front 24 What is binomial expansion? | back 24 It allows us to calculate probability without having to think of every sequence in which events occur. |
front 25 What is the formula for binomial expansion? | back 25 (a+b)^n a is the probability of getting the first outcome b is the probability n is the number of individuals being tested |
front 26 We can use addition for what situations? | back 26 Either/Or |
front 27 What is the Chi-square test? (X^2) | back 27 X^2 test allows us to calculate deviations from observed and expected numbers to determine if this is due to chance or if it is statistically significant. |
front 28 What does the X^2 test help determine? | back 28 The probability value (p value). It has two outcomes... greater than or less than 0.05 (5%) |
front 29 How do you calculate X^2 | back 29 1. d=o-e 2. X^2= d^2/e 3. sum all X^2 next using the X^2 table determine p value |
front 30 What does o stand for? | back 30 observed value |
front 31 What does e stand for? | back 31 expected value |
front 32 What does d stand for? | back 32 degree of freedom. (the number of categories being |
front 33 What are GMO's? | back 33 Genetically modified organisms which is any animal, plant, or microbe that has had their DNA altered using genetic engineering |
front 34 What is a pedigree? | back 34 It is a diagram that shows family history and relationships |
front 35 What is a proband? | back 35 a person that serves a starting point for the genetic study of the family |
front 36 What is genetic testing? | back 36 Any type of medical testing that identifies changes in chromosomes, genes, or proteins |
front 37 What is cancer? | back 37 a collection of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and cells spread to surrounding tissues |
front 38 What are the 4 genes that can cause HNPCC if mutated? | back 38 MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2. Inheriting the genes does not guarantee you get the cancer |
front 39 What is HNPCC? | back 39 Hereditary nonpolyposis colocteral cancer also known as lynch syndrome. |
front 40 What does the colon do? | back 40 it is part of the large intestines and is responsible for removing water and electrolytes from digested foods |
front 41 How is cancer treated? | back 41 By looking under a microscope |
front 42 What are restriction enzymes? | back 42 Enzymes produced by bacteria that cleave DNA at specific sites |
front 43 True or false. You can put your hand in the buffer while the gel is running | back 43 False. NEVER |
front 44 What is the concentration formula for dilutions? | back 44 C1V1=C2V2 c = concentration v = volume |