front 1 Hormone target cells ___ | back 1 Must express receptors for the hormone |
front 2 Tropic hormones ___ | back 2 Affect the growth and function of other endocrine glands in addition to stimulating hormone release |
front 3 Norepinephrine release into the bloodstream would fall under which classification of chemical messenger? | back 3 Hormone |
front 4 Prohormones are ___ | back 4 The inactive form of a hormone bound by carrier or signaling peptides |
front 5 Which of the following is a function of glucagon? | back 5 - Stimulates the breakdown of liver glycogen - Stimulates gluconeogenesis |
front 6 Osteoporosis is a disease that commonly affects the elderly population. A decrease in dietary intake of calcium contributes to this disorder by causing: | back 6 Over-secretion of parathyroid hormone |
front 7 Stress is a direct stimulus for the release of ___ | back 7 Corticotropin releasing hormone |
front 8 The functional units of the thyroid gland which produce thyroxine are known as ___ | back 8 Follicles |
front 9 Which of the following is a function of antidiuretic hormone? | back 9 Increases expression of aquaporin |
front 10 Which of the following would most likely decrease the half-life of a hormone? | back 10 - Decreased excretion - Excretion by kidney |
front 11 Negative feedback loops utilize which of the following concepts in order to maintain homeostasis? | back 11 Reference ranges |
front 12 Which of the following is the best definition of plasma? | back 12 Blood minus all cells |
front 13 Formed elements within blood ___ | back 13 Are parts of the immune system |
front 14 The ABO blood group antigens are ___ | back 14 Present on erythrocytes |
front 15 Compare the functioning of erythrocytes to leukocytes in blood | back 15 Erythrocytes transport oxygen, leukocytes are important for immunity |
front 16 Which of the following blood components shows a sexual differentiation in people? | back 16 The hematocrit |
front 17 Blood type ___ is known as the universal donor blood type because ___ | back 17 O; its erythrocytes have no surface A or B antigens |
front 18 The Rh blood group ___ | back 18 Is responsible for newborn hemolytic disease |
front 19 Which type of white blood cells play a role in allergies? | back 19 - Eosinophils - Basophils |
front 20 Which of the following statements are true about fetal hemoglobin (FHb)? | back 20 - It has a higher affinity than adult hemoglobin - It contains gamma subunits - It contains alpha subunits |
front 21 Which statement best demonstrates the effects of hypoxia on hematocrit? | back 21 Hypoxia increases hematocrit |
front 22 Which of the following best illustrates the role of platelets during clotting? | back 22 They quickly stick to exposed collagen and plug damaged areas |
front 23 Which of the following pumps oxygenated blood? | back 23 Systemic pump |
front 24 Cardiac anastomoses ___ | back 24 Provide alternate paths for blood flow |
front 25 Follow the correct path of blood through the heart, beginning at the left atrium | back 25 - Mitral valve - Left ventricle - Aorta - Left anterior descending artery - Vena cava - Right atrium - Tricuspid - Right ventricle - Pulmonary valve |
front 26 Oxygenated blood exits the heart ___, whereas deoxygenated blood enters the ___ of the heart | back 26 Through the left ventricle; right atrium |
front 27 The endocardium of the heart is made up of what type of epithelial tissue? | back 27 Simple squamous |
front 28 Unlike skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle cells ___ | back 28 Attach to each other via intercalated discs |
front 29 Which currents are least active during the depolarization of the action potential shown in panel a? | back 29 Outward potassium current |
front 30 Where is the SA node depolarizing? | back 30 PR interval |
front 31 Where are the purkinje fibers depolarizing? | back 31 QRS complex |
front 32 Which current is most active during the depolarization phase of the action potential in panel a? | back 32 Inward sodium current |
front 33 Which current is most active during the depolarization phase of the action potential in panel b? | back 33 Inward calcium current |
front 34 The correct path of action potential traveling through the conductive system of the heart is ___ | back 34 - Sinoatrial node - Internode pathways - Contractile cells of the atria - Bundle of his - Left and right bundle branches - Purkinje fibers - Contractile cells of the ventricle |
front 35 Where on the ECG are the atria depolarizing? | back 35 P wave |
front 36 Where on the ECG are the ventricles repolarizing? | back 36 T wave |
front 37 Which of the following would increase stroke volume? | back 37 Activation of beta adrenergic receptors |
front 38 A new drug is being investigated in clinical trials for its ability to increase cardiac contractile force. Which of the following mechanisms could allow this drug work by? | back 38 - Inhibiting the Na/K/ATPase - Activating ryanodine receptors |
front 39 An increase in end systolic volume will ___ | back 39 Decrease stroke volume |
front 40 Type 1 diabetes causes symptoms such as ___ | back 40 Abnormally high blood glucose levels |
front 41 Predict what would happen if a person was unable to consume iodine in their diet | back 41 They would suffer from hypothyroidism |
front 42 Where can steroid receptors be found? | back 42 Inside the nucleus/cytoplasm and cell surface |
front 43 A recently discovered novel hormone, that is of a relatively large size, and binds and acts via second-messenger systems receptor, converting ATP to cAMP, would be best described as what type of chemical hormone classification? | back 43 Peptide hormone |
front 44 Communication between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary is facilitated by ___ | back 44 The hypophyseal portal system |
front 45 Reduced heart rate, weight gain, fatigue, and feeling cold are all symptoms of ___ | back 45 Hypothyroidism |
front 46 Which of the following statements concerning growth hormone is not true? | back 46 It is produced by the hypothalamus but secreted by the pituitary |
front 47 An individual who develops hypercalcemia would most likely respond by producing ___ | back 47 Calcitonin |
front 48 Which type of white blood cells is/are phagocytic? | back 48 Monocytes |
front 49 The most abundant plasma proteins are ___. | back 49 Albumins |
front 50 The platelet phase of blood clotting is an example of ___ | back 50 Positive feedback |
front 51 Which of the following are blood classification systems? | back 51 ABO and Rh |
front 52 A man with O+ blood would most likely have which of the following circulating antibodies? | back 52 Anti-A and anti-B |
front 53 During erythropoiesis, erythropoietin (EPO) stimulates receptors on cells located ___ | back 53 In the bone marrow |
front 54 Hematocrit is the ratio of ________ to whole blood volume, and a normal value is ________. | back 54 Packed red blood cells; 45% |
front 55 Carbon monoxide ___ | back 55 Has four binding sites on hemoglobin |
front 56 Which of the following is responsible for dissolving a blood clot? | back 56 Tissue plasminogen activator |
front 57 The cardiovascular system is designed to maintain ______, which ______ | back 57 Sufficient blood pressure; changes as the body changes |
front 58 The P to R interval in an electrocardiogram represents ______ | back 58 The time required for the cardiac action potential to propagate through the ventricles |
front 59 An increase in venous return to the heart will ___ | back 59 Increase stroke volume |
front 60 What are gap junctions responsible for? | back 60 Sharing ions between adjacent myocytes |
front 61 The epicardium is the ___ layer of the heart | back 61 Superficial |
front 62 The chambers of the heart are continuous with the ___ layer of the ehart | back 62 Middle |
front 63 The coronary circulation ______ | back 63 - Supplies blood to the heart - Contains alternate paths for blood to flow to the same region |
front 64 The contraction of the heart, is autorhythmic due to which of the following? | back 64 Pacemaker cells of the Sinoatrial (SA) node |
front 65 If a person is having a myocardial infarction, that is directly affecting the region of interventricular septum of the heart, which portion of the conduction system is likely affected by the infarction? | back 65 Bundle branches |
front 66 What type of cell will give rise to the action potential recording in panel b? | back 66 A sinoatrial node pacemaker cell |