front 1 Regions of the Brain | back 1 Cerebrum-Cerebellum-Diencephalon-Mesencephalon-Pons-Medulla Oblongata |
front 2 The Distal End | back 2 Conus Medullaris, Filum Terminale, Cauda Equina |
front 3 THe Three Meningeal Layer | back 3 Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater, Pia Mater |
front 4 Connective Tissue Layers of Spinal Nerves | back 4 Epineurium, Perineurium, Endoneurium |
front 5 Anterior White Columns | back 5 Lies between anterior gray horn and anterior median fissure |
front 6 Ventral Root | back 6 Contains axons for motor neurons |
front 7 Deneculate Ligament | back 7 Extend from pia mater to dura mater Stabilize side to side movement |
front 8 Central Enlargement | back 8 Nerves of shoulders and upper limbs |
front 9 Epidural Space | back 9 Between spinal dura mater and walls of vertebral canal Contains loose connective and adipose tissue Anesthetic injections site |
front 10 Major nerve of brachial plexus | back 10 Musculocutaneous nerve |
front 11 CSF is produced by | back 11 Choroid plexus |
front 12 Diencephalon | back 12 is located under cerebrum and cerebellum and links cerebrum with brain stem |
front 13 Mesencephalon | back 13 Also called midbrain, Processes sight, sound, and associated reflexes, maintain consciousness |
front 14 Mamillary body | back 14 Process olfactory and other sensory information, control reflex eating movements |
front 15 Corpus callosum | back 15 Band of fibers connecting hemispheres |
front 16 Cerebral peduncles | back 16 Nerve fiber bundles on ventrolateral surfaces, Containing descending fibers to cerebellum and motor command fibers |
front 17 Hypothalamus | back 17 Hormone production, emotion, autonomic function |
front 18 Falx cerbri | back 18 Projects between the cerebral hemispheres, contains superior sagittal sinus and inferior sagittal sinus |
front 19 Cerebellar hemispheres are separated by the | back 19 Vermis |
front 20 Lateral ventricles are seperated by | back 20 Septum pellucidum |
front 21 Depolarization occurs when | back 21 Na enters the neuron |
front 22 Relative refractory period | back 22 Membrane potential almost normal, very large stimulus can initiate action potential |
front 23 The Resting membrane is usually at | back 23 -70 mV |
front 24 Propagation of action potential on myelinated axons | back 24 Saltatory propagation |
front 25 Action potential | back 25 is based on the all or non principle |
front 26 Temporal summation | back 26 Multiple times, rapid, repeated stimuli at one synapse |
front 27 The conduction velocity depends on all of the following except | back 27 Oligodendrocyte |
front 28 Gated channels are all of the following except | back 28 Thermal regulated channels |
front 29 Serotonin deficency may lead to | back 29 depression |
front 30 Synaptic delay are all of the following except | back 30 protective mechanism against excess neuronal activity |
front 31 Function of the skeletal system are all the following except | back 31 Dilation |
front 32 Calcritiol | back 32 A dietary source of calcium and phosphate salts |
front 33 Osteocytes | back 33 To maintain protein and mineral content of matrix To help repair damaged bone |
front 34 The cells of bones are all the following except | back 34 Glial cells |
front 35 Periosteum | back 35 Covers all bones except parts enclosed in joint capsules |
front 36 Canaliculi | back 36 Form pathways for blood vessels Exchanges nutrients and waste |
front 37 Short bones | back 37 Are small and thick |
front 38 Bones are classified by all of the following except | back 38 Dimensions |
front 39 Long bone | back 39 long and thin |
front 40 Diaphysis | back 40 The Shaft A heavy wall of compact bone, or dense bone A central space called medullary (marrow) cavity |
front 41 The appendicular Skeleton | back 41 126 bones |
front 42 Sutures | back 42 Vertical suture |
front 43 Articulation of the parietal bones | back 43 Sinuses |
front 44 Superficial facial bones are all the following except | back 44 Palatine bones |
front 45 The skull contains 22 bones | back 45 8 cranial bones: form the braincase or cranium 14 facial bones: protect and support entrances to digestive and respiratory tract |
front 46 Facial bones | back 46 Enclose the cranial cavity which contains the brain, fluids, blood vessels, nerves, and membrane |
front 47 Fontanelles | back 47 Maxilla |
front 48 Hypophyseal fossa | back 48 A depression within the sella turcica. Holds the pituitary gland |
front 49 Squamous sutures | back 49 Form boundaries between temporal bones and parietal bones |
front 50 The cranial bones of the skull | back 50 Sagittal bone |
front 51 Z lines consist of proteins called | back 51 actinins |
front 52 The A band contains all but the following | back 52 Thin filaments |
front 53 Steps of the Contraction cycle except | back 53 Pivoting of action heads |
front 54 Thin filament contains the following thin filament proteins except | back 54 Myosin |
front 55 Aerobic metabolism | back 55 Produces 34 ATP molecules per glucose molecule |
front 56 Triad | back 56 Formed by one T tubule and two terminal cisternae |
front 57 The sarcolemma | back 57 Surrounds the sarcoplasm (cytoplasm of muscle fiber) |
front 58 Isotonic Contraction | back 58 Tensions rises and skeletal muscle changes length resulting in motion |
front 59 Twitches are divided in except | back 59 Treppe |
front 60 Epimysium | back 60 Surrounds the entire muscle, connected to deep fascia, separates muscle from surrounding tissues |
front 61 The P wave | back 61 accompanies the depolarization of the atria |
front 62 Phases of the cardiac cycle | back 62 Atrial systole Atrial diastole Ventricular systole Ventricular Diastole |
front 63 The Atrioventricular valves prevent backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria when the ventricles are contracting | back 63 True |
front 64 S2 caused by | back 64 Closing of the semilunar valves |
front 65 Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped by the left in one second | back 65 False |
front 66 Isovolumetric contraction period | back 66 Last approximately 270 msec |
front 67 Connective tissue fibers of the heart function to do the following except | back 67 Stabilizes the heart valves |
front 68 There are two Atrioventricular valves | back 68 Bicuspid Tricuspid |
front 69 Ventricular conduction cells consist of the AV bundle, bundle branches, and | back 69 Purkinje fibers |
front 70 End-diastolic volume | back 70 130 |
front 71 Theories of autoregulation are the following except | back 71 Temo=perature theory |
front 72 The chordae tendinae and papillary muscles play important roles in the normal function of the AV valves | back 72 True |
front 73 Kinins | back 73 Cause contraction of visceral smooth muscle, but they relax vascular smooth muscle via NO; lower blood pressure |
front 74 Inhibits platelet aggregation and promotes vasodilation | back 74 Prostacyclin |
front 75 The factors that affect tissue perfusion are all the following except | back 75 Autoregulation |
front 76 Local vasodilators accelerate blood flow in response to | back 76 Decreased temperature |
front 77 Monitor the degree of stretch on the walls of carotid and aortic sinuses | back 77 Baroreceptors |
front 78 Define the synapse | back 78 The site of transmission of electric nerve impulses between two nerve cells |
front 79 Cholinergic neurotransmitter system is based on | back 79 Acetycholine |
front 80 The Purkinje cell are | back 80 Multipolar neurons |
front 81 Afferent neurons receive information from ___ and efferent neurons send information to the ___ | back 81 Peripheral nervous system, Peripheral nervous system |
front 82 Bipolar neurons are | back 82 Small and have one dendrite and one axon |
front 83 The neuronal cell send and receive information using | back 83 Axon and dendrites |
front 84 Peripheral nervous system is composed of two division | back 84 Somatic and autonomic nervous system |
front 85 Glia of the CNS are | back 85 Microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymal cells |
front 86 Postsynaptic effect of acetylcholine is | back 86 Depolarization caused by nicotinic or muscarinic receptor |
front 87 Astrocytes | back 87 maintains the concentration of chemicals in the extracellular space, removes excess signaling molecules, reacts to tissue damage, and contributes to the BBB |
front 88 The respiratory mucosa is | back 88 Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium |
front 89 The upper respiratory system consists of all of the following except | back 89 Larynx |
front 90 Function of the nose are all of the following except | back 90 None of the above |
front 91 Bronchial trees consist of all of the following except | back 91 Secondary |
front 92 The bronchioles | back 92 Control of airflow resistance and air distribution in the lungs |
front 93 Boyle's law | back 93 For a gas in a closed constant temperature, pressure is inversely proportional to volume |
front 94 Cellular respiration | back 94 is the intracellular reaction of O2 with organic molecules to produce CO2, water, and ATP |
front 95 External respiration is subdivided into the following integrated processes except | back 95 Exchange of gases between blood and the lungs |
front 96 Dalton's Law | back 96 Each of the gases contributes to the total pressure in proportion to its relative abundance |
front 97 Gas exchange at the respiratory membrane is efficient for the following reasons except | back 97 The total surface area is small |