front 1 Olfactory | back 1 I. cranial nerve (S); smell |
front 2 Optic | back 2 II. cranial nerve (S); sight |
front 3 Oculomotor | back 3 III. cranial nerve (M); moves the pupil and lens of eye |
front 4 Trochlear | back 4 IV. cranial nerve (M); moves the eye |
front 5 Trigeminal | back 5 V. cranial nerve (B); largest of the cranial nerves; functions in chewing and face sensations |
front 6 Abducens | back 6 VI cranial nerve (M); moves the eye |
front 7 Facial | back 7 VII. cranial nerve (B); facial expressions and anterior 2/3 of tongue |
front 8 Vestibulocochlear | back 8 VIII. cranial nerve (S); sound |
front 9 Glossopharyngeal | back 9 IX. cranial nerve (B); functions in swallowing, saliva, taste |
front 10 Vagus | back 10 X. cranial nerve (B); controls the peripheral nervous system |
front 11 Accessory | back 11 XI. cranial nerve (M); swallowing and movement of the head and neck |
front 12 Hypoglossal | back 12 XII. cranial nerve (M); speech, swallowing, and tongue muscles |
front 13 Astrocyte | back 13 located in the central nervous system; the most abundant cells found in neural tissue function = anchor neurons; facilitate exchange of materials between capillaries and neurons; uptake excess ions and neurotransmitters |
front 14 microglia | back 14 located in the central nervous system; has relatively few extensions function = phagocytic (immune defense), digest dead neurons and debris |
front 15 oligodendrocyte | back 15 located in the central nervous system; extensions wrap around axons of CNS neurons; unlike Schwann cells, one of these can myelinate dozens of axons functions = produce myelin sheaths that insulate CNS neurons and speed up neurotransmitters |
front 16 Ependyma | back 16 located in the central nervous system; form the epithelial lining of the ventricles and central canal of the spinal cord function = circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and facilitate exchange of materials between the CSF and interstitial fluid if brain/spinal cord |
front 17 Schwann cells | back 17 located in the peripheral nervous system; extensive lipid membranes wrap around PNS axons to form layers function = produce the myelin sheaths that insulate PNS neurons; speed up neurotransmission |
front 18 Satellite Cells | back 18 located in the peripheral nervous system; surround the soma of neurons within PNS ganglia function = protect and cushion PNS neurons |
front 19 Acetylcholine (ACh) | back 19 stimulates skeletal muscle |
front 20 norepinephrine | back 20 influences mood and sleep patterns |
front 21 dopamine | back 21 associated wit mood, attention, reward sateen, and movement |
front 22 histamine | back 22 works with the hypothalamus to promote wakefulness |
front 23 serotonin | back 23 has many roles: mostly inhibitory; influences mood, sleep, hunger, arousal |
front 24 GABA | back 24 the major inhibitory neurotransmitter |
front 25 Glutamate | back 25 the major excitatory neurotransmitter |