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A&P II Exam 2: Ch. 16 The Endocrine System

front 1 Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of diabetes mellitus? polyphagia polyuria polydipsia polycythemia	back 1 polycythemia
front 2 The parathyroid glands respond to which type of stimulus? hormonal neural humoral positive	back 2 humoral
front 3 The single most important regulator of calcium levels in the blood is ________. gonadotropic hormones calcitonin parathyroid hormone thyroid hormone	back 3 parathyroid hormone
front 4 The major targets of growth hormone are ________. the thyroid and adrenal glands the liver and gall bladder the blood vessels the liver, bones, and skeletal muscles	back 4 the liver, bones, and skeletal muscles

front 5 Upon landing at the airport in Lagos, Nigeria, Eric feels wide awake even though the local time is 11pm. Which synthetic hormone supplement could he administer to help adjust to the new time zone? melatonin growth hormone insulin glucagon	back 5 melatonin
front 6 A man has been told that he is NOT synthesizing enough follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and for this reason he may be unable to father a child. Choose the correct statement to explain this problem. FSH stimulates sperm production in the testes. A hormone made in the anterior pituitary cannot influence fertility. FSH stimulates estrogen secretion by ovarian cells; therefore, it is not synthesized by males. The man must be producing progesterone, which inhibits the synthesis of FSH.	back 6 FSH stimulates sperm production in the testes.
front 7 The second-messenger mechanism of hormone action operates by ________. increasing the basal metabolic rate in the target organ synthesizing more than one hormone at a time binding to specific receptors and employing the services of G proteins and cAMP altering gene expression in the nuclear DNA	back 7 binding to specific receptors and employing the services of G proteins and cAMP
front 8 Enterochromaffin-like cells of the gastric mucosa can be triggered to release histamine. Histamine, in this case, causes nearby parietal cells of the stomach lining to produce hydrochloric acid. The effect of histamine on parietal cells would best be described as a(n) paracrine second messenger exocrine autocrine	back 8 paracrine

front 9 Which of the following can act on receptors inside the target cell that directly activate specific genes? testosterone melatonin growth hormone calcitonin	back 9 testosterone
front 10 Which of the following is NOT a component of the cyclic AMP signaling mechanism? G protein hormone receptor steroid effector enzyme	back 10 steroid
front 11 Which of the following is NOT a parathyroid gland mechanism to maintain adequate levels of blood calcium? activation of osteoclasts increased calcium ion reabsorption by the kidneys increased intestinal absorption of calcium ions inhibition of calcitonin synthesis	back 11 inhibition of calcitonin synthesis
front 12 Johanna, a 7-year-old girl, is significantly shorter than normal for her age. Her doctor recommends treatment with a hormone before her growth plates ossify in her long bones. Which hormone is recommended? cortisol thyroid stimulating hormone growth hormone thyroid hormone	back 12 growth hormone

front 13 Which anterior pituitary hormone does NOT target another endocrine gland? growth hormone (GH) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) luteinizing hormone(LH) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)	back 13 growth hormone (GH)
front 14 A release of parathyroid hormone (PTH) will trigger ________. increased osteoblast activity a drop in blood calcium levels a reduction of calcium reabsorption in the kidney tubules increased activation of vitamin D by the kidney	back 14 increased activation of vitamin D by the kidney
front 15 The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on ________. the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organ nothing—all hormones of the human body are able to stimulate any and all cell types because hormones are powerful and nonspecific the location of the tissue or organ with respect to the circulatory path the membrane potential of the cells of the target organ	back 15 the presence of the appropriate receptors on the cells of the target tissue or organ
front 16 Which organ is responsible for synthesizing the hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)? the spleen the kidney the heart the skin	back 16 the heart

front 17 Virtually all amino acid-based hormones exert their signaling effects through intracellular ________. second messengers calcium nucleotides deactivating ions	back 17 second messengers
front 18 Thyroid hormone (a small iodinated amine) enters target cells in a manner similar to ________. growth hormone, because the thyroid works synergistically with thyroid hormone glucagon, because the structure of glucagon is similar to that of thyroid hormone steroid hormones, because both diffuse easily into target cells insulin, because insulin is a small peptide	back 18 steroid hormones, because both diffuse easily into target cells
front 19 Which of the following is NOT a category of endocrine gland stimulus? enzymatic hormonal neural humoral	back 19 enzymatic
front 20 Melatonin ________. triggers sexual maturation and puberty is at its highest levels at around noon is responsible for regulating the sleep cycle is produced by the parathyroid glands	back 20 is responsible for regulating the sleep cycle

front 21 Which of the following hormones suppresses appetite and increases energy expenditure? aldosterone secretin leptin gastrin	back 21 leptin
front 22 Steroid hormones exert their action by ________. entering the cell and activating mitochondrial DNA activating the hypothalamic release of regulating hormones binding cell receptors and initiating cAMP activity entering the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering the expression of a gene	back 22 entering the nucleus of a cell and initiating or altering the expression of a gene
front 23 Which of the following statements is true of amino acid-based hormones? They cross the plasma membrane. They are lipid soluble. They are synthesized from cholesterol. They require a receptor in the plasma membrane.	back 23 They require a receptor in the plasma membrane.
front 24 Several hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported to the anterior pituitary gland. The mechanism of transportation from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary gland is through the ________. general circulatory system feedback loop hypophyseal portal system hepatic portal system	back 24 hypophyseal portal system

front 25 Which of the following is NOT a change that may be caused by hormonal stimulus? a change in membrane potential stimulation of mitosis an increase in enzyme synthesis direct control of the nervous system	back 25 direct control of the nervous system
front 26 John tells you that cholesterol is bad and should be eliminated from your diet. You explain to him that cholesterol is important. Which of the following hormones is synthesized from cholesterol? oxytocin testosterone thyroxine growth hormone	back 26 testosterone
front 27 One of the least complicated of the endocrine control systems directly responds to changing blood levels of ions and nutrients. Which of the following describes this mechanism? humoral stimulation catabolic inhibition neural stimulation protein synthesis	back 27 humoral stimulation
front 28 The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is NOT a true endocrine gland because ________. it is strictly a part of the neural system and has little or nothing to do with hormonal release embryonically it was an endocrine tissue, but in the adult human it is no longer functional it is only a hormone storage area that receives hormones from the hypothalamus for release it is unable to function as an endocrine tissue because it is actually part of the neural system due to its location	back 28 it is only a hormone storage area that receives hormones from the hypothalamus for release

front 29 At age 85, Lyle's immune system does not respond to vaccines as well as it did when he was younger. The atrophy of which endocrine gland is likely responsible for this? anterior pituitary thyroid thymus adrenal	back 29 thymus
front 30 Mineralocorticoid is to aldosterone as glucocorticoid is to ________. testosterone epinephrine estrogen cortisol	back 30 cortisol
front 31 Which of the following is NOT a change typically produced by a hormonal stimulus? induces secretory activity activates or deactivates enzymes stimulates production of an action potential alters plasma membrane permeability	back 31 stimulates production of an action potential
front 32 Which of the following is NOT a step in thyroxine (T4) production? the linking of two diiodotyrosine (DIT) molecules in the colloid the production of thyroglobulin by follicular cells the binding of iodine to tyrosines in the colloid the diffusion of iodide from blood plasma into the follicular cell	back 32 the diffusion of iodide from blood plasma into the follicular cell

front 33 Which of the following is NOT a steroid-based hormone? aldosterone epinephrine cortisol estrogen	back 33 epinephrine
front 34 Chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids that travel through the blood and regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body are called ________. hormones proteins antibodies enzymes	back 34 hormones
front 35 Gluconeogenesis, the formation of glucose from fats and proteins, is due to the action of ________. secretin aldosterone insulin cortisol	back 35 cortisol
front 36 How do glucocorticoids enable the body to deal appropriately with stress? by stimulating the pancreas to release insulin by releasing the neurotransmitters that prepare the body for the stress response by decreasing the heart rate, thus decreasing blood pressure by increasing blood glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid levels and enhancing blood pressure	back 36 by increasing blood glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid levels and enhancing blood pressure

front 37 During an afternoon class, Lisa starts to feel hungry and worries that her blood sugar level may be dropping. Which hormone is helping to prevent a drop in blood sugar level? glucagon thyroxine aldosterone insulin	back 37 glucagon
front 38 Thyroxine is a peptide hormone, but its mechanism is different from other peptide hormones. Which of the following statements is true concerning this difference? It is a stimulant of cellular metabolism and targets all cells. It is very specific in the cell type it targets. It causes positive feedback. It does not require a second messenger to cause a response.	back 38 It does not require a second messenger to cause a response.
front 39 Normal development of the immune response is due in part to hormones produced by the ________. adrenal medulla pancreas thymus gland thyroid gland	back 39 thymus gland
front 40 The hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract ________. is the site of prolactin synthesis conducts aldosterone to the hypophysis connects the hypophysis to the pituitary gland runs through the infundibulum	back 40 runs through the infundibulum