Table 10.3

Use the information given in Table 10.3 to answer the following questions. Which organisms are most closely related? On what did you base your answer? DNA from which organisms will probably hybridize?

Gram negative bacteria consist of rod shaped bacterium such as E. coli and bacillus. On the other hand Coccus shaped bacteria expressed to be both gram + and -. The rod shaped bacteria are motile because they have flagella while to coccus bacteria does not. To conclude organism A and E are most likely to hybridize.

Nucleic acid hybridization is based on the fact that

pairing between complementary bases occurs.

Chloroplasts possess circular DNA and reproduce by binary fission.

True

Which of the following provides taxonomic information that includes the information obtained in the others listed?

cladogram

The arrangement of organisms into taxa

shows degrees of relatedness between organisms.

Serological testing is used for screening bacterial isolates for similarities.

True

Figure 10.1

In Figure 10.1, the closest ancestor for both species "a." and species "b." would be which of the following?

5

Into which group would you place a multicellular organism that has a mouth and lives inside the human liver?

Animalia

Phage typing is based on the fact that

bacterial viruses attack only members of a specific species.

Into which group would you place a photosynthetic organism that lacks a nucleus and has a thin peptidoglycan wall surrounded by an outer membrane?

Proteobacteria (gram-negative bacteria)

Figure 10.3

This figure shows the results of a gel electrophoresis separation of restriction fragments of the DNA of different organisms.

In Figure 10.3, which two are most closely related?

1 and 3

The phylogenetic classification of bacteria is based on

RNA sequences.

Which of the following criteria is most useful in determining whether two organisms are related?

Both are gram-positive.

Figure 10.1

In Figure 10.1, species "c." is most closely related to which of the following?

D

Which of the following is NOT based on nucleic-acid hybridization?

Western blotting

Which of the following statements about archaea is FALSE?

They evolved before bacteria.

Table 10.2

Use the dichotomous key in Table 10.2 to identify a gram-negative cell that ferments lactose and uses citric acid as its sole carbon source.

Citrobacter

Figure 10.4

In the cladogram shown in Figure 10.4, which two organisms are most closely related?

Micrococcus and Mycobacterium

Protists are a diverse group of organisms that are similar in

rRNA sequences.

A genus can best be defined as

a taxon composed of one or more species and a classification level lying below family.

A biochemical test, in the microbiology world, is used to determine

capability of a microbe to perform a specific enzymatic activity.

When building a cladogram, the length of the horizontal branch is based on the calculated percent similarity between organisms.

True

Which of the following statements about members of the Kingdom Plantae is FALSE?

They use organic carbon sources.

The cell membranes of all three domains are composed of straight carbon chains attached to
glycerol by ester linkage.

False

What is the outstanding characteristic of the Kingdom Fungi?

Members absorb dissolved organic matter.