Microbiology self-tests
The largest vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the heart
Arteries
The walls are only one cell thick; they aid in the exchange of materials.
Capillaries
The venous equivalent of arteries.
Venules
Blood cells important in phagocytosis & antibody production.
Leukocytes
A lymphoid organ.
Tonsils
Small, oval structures in the lymphatic system; sites of considerable defensive activity by the body.
Lymph nodes
Plasma that bathes tissue cells after their passage through capillary walls.
Interstitial fluid
Blood cells that carry oxygen.
Erythrocytes
A toxic, inflammatory condition arising from the spread of bacteria or bacterial toxins from a focus of infection.
Sepsis
Of autoimmune origin due to group M proteins of streptococci.
Rheumatic fever
Swollen lymph nodes.
Buboes
Heart infection that developes rapidly, damages valves; usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
Acute bacterial endocarditis
Drop in blood pressure due to gram-negative sepsis.
Septic shock
Characterized by red streaks on skin from the site of infection.
Lymphangitis
Probably transmitted by saliva.
Infectious mononucleosis
Childbirth fever.
Puerperal sepsis
Often transmitted by contact w/small animals such as rabbits.
Tularemia
Undulant fever, at one time transmitted by ingestion of contaminated milk, is now mostly transmitted by contact w/animal carcasses.
Brucellosis
Caused by a spore-forming rod that is often present in the soil.
Anthrax
The cat is essential in the reproductive cycle & the transmission of the causative organisms.
Toxoplasmosis
Caused by a protozoan that forms oocysts.
Toxoplasmosis
Heterophil antibodies are used in diagnosis.
Infectious mononucleosis
Caused by the Epstein-Barr virus.
Infectious mononucleosis
Transmitted by sand flies.
Leishmaniasis
Kala azar.
Leishamaniasis
Caused by CMV.
Cytomegalic inclusion disease
The bite of a tick transmits a spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi.
Lyme disease
A swimming stage called a cercaria is an essential part of the life cycle of the pathogen.
Schistosomiasis
A ricettsial disease transmitted by dog ticks or wood ticks.
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
A rickettsial disease transmitted by a rat flea.
Endemic murine typhus
Chagas' disease.
American trypanosomiasis
A spore-forming protozoan is the cause.
Malaria
Saint Vitus' dance.
Syndenham's chorea
A tickborne protozoan disease.
Babesiosis
Mosquito-transmitted hemorrhagic fever.
Yellow fever
Pulmonary infection transmitted by inhalation of dried rodent urine & feces.
Hantavirus
Tickborne bacterial disease.
Lyme disease
Transmitted by contact w/infected blood; filoform virus.
Ebola hemorrhagic fever
The surgical removal of tissue, short of amputation, is called _____________.
debribment
The fluid portion of the blood is called ______.
plasma
A general name for a white blood cell is _____________.
Leukocyte
When a gram-negative bacterium lyses, it releases part of its cell walls as harmful ____________.
endotoxin
Group M proteins are associated with the bacterial genus _______________.
streptococci
Brucella suis is most likely to infect people coming into contact w/animals such as ___________.
swine
Sydemham's chorea is a complication of ___________.
Rheumatic fever
Burkitt's lymphoma is cuased by the same virus that causes ____________________.
infectious mononucleosis
The official name of the Epstein-Barr virus is human herpesvirus _____.
4
Infections caused by obligate anaerobes such as Clostridium perfringens are sometimes treated by putting the patients in ______________ chambers.
hyperberic
Many years ago, Semmelweis showed how proper hygeine & disinfection of hand & instruments could prevent ____________ in maternity wards.
puerperal
When malaria is transmitted by the bite of a mosquito, the parasite stage that is injected into the host is a(n)____________.
sporozoite
The most dangerous type of malaria is caused by Plasmodium _______________.
falciparum
Snails are essential to the life cycle of the disease organism causing ________________.
Schistosomiasis
Cats are essential to the life cycle of the disease organism causing _______________.
Toxoplasmosis
A membrane layer covering the brain & spinal cord.
Meniges
A prion-caused disease.
Kuru
Opisthotonos.
Tetanus
Hansen's disease.
Leprosy
Human diploid cell vaccine is used in treatment.
Rabies
Myalgic encephalitis.
Chronic fatigue syndrome
Innermost layer of the meninges.
Pia mater
Outermost layer of the meninges.
Dura mater
Middle layer of the meninges.
Arachnoid
Formerly treatd by the Pasteur treatment.
Rabies
Treated by human diploid cell vaccine after exposure.
Rabies
Caused by a bullet-shaped rhabdovirus.
Rabies
Also known as hydrophobia.
Rabies
Thought to be transmitted by inhalation of the pathogen in dried pigeon droppings.
Cryptococcosis
Caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis.
Meningococcal meningitis
Protozoan disease.
African trypanosomiasis
A prion-caused disease.
Creutzfldt-Jakob disease
A mosquito-borne virus.
California encephalitis
The drugs of choice for treatment are amphotericin B & flucytosine.
Cryptococcus neoformans menigitis
Opposing muscles contract, causing spastic paralysis.
Tetanus
Pathogen grows at refrigerator temperatures.
Listeriosis
Uses live viruses.
Sabin polio vaccine
On rare occasions, the vaccine has caused the disease by mutation to virulence.
Sabin polio vaccine
An amoebic protozoan found in ponds & streams that causes a primary amebic meningoencephalitis.
Naegleria fowleri
Spread by the bite of a tsetse fly.
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
An important cause of bacterial meningitis.
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Probably the most virulent; the most common type in western United States.
Type A botulism
Outbreaks often involve seafoods; nonproteolytic.
Type E botulism
Toxin can be produced at refrigerator temperatures.
Type E botulism
An infection of the brain is called ____________.
encephalitis
An infection of the meninges is called
Meningitis
The brain & the spinal cord comprise the _________ nervous system.
Central
The nerves branching from the brain & spinal cord comprise the ____________ nervous system.
peripheral
The _______ consists of capillaries that permit certain substances, mostly lipid-soluble, to pass from the blood to the brain but prevent other substances from passing.
blood brain
The bacterium that causes _________ can be successfully grown in armadillos.
leprosy
Of the several types of arthropod-borne encephalitis that occur in the United States, the most severe in its effects is ______________.
Eastern Equine encephalitis (EEE)
The T in DTaP vaccine stands for __________.
tetanus
The inner layter of the skin, composed of connective tissue.
Dermis
The lining of the inner eyelid & the surface of the eyeball.
Conjunctiva
Some of these specialized epithelial cells are ciliated.
Mucous membrane
The outermost epidermal layer; consists largely of dead cells containing the protein keratin.
Stratum corneum
Extracellular material to which epithelial cells of mucous membrane are attached.
Basement membrane
A skin rash that arises from disease conditions.
Exanthem
-Skin lesions-
Vesicles
Small, fluid-filled
-Skin lesions-
Papules
Raised lesions
-Skin lesions-
Bullae
Fluid-filled lesions larger than about 1cm
-Skin lesions-
Macules
Flat, reddened
Streptococcus pyogenes
Erysipelas
Staphylococcus aureus
Scalded skin syndrome
Tinea
Ringworm
Propionibacterium acnes
Acne
Variola
Smallpox
Varicella
Chickenpox
Herpes zoster
Chickenpox
Rubeola
Measles
Rubella
German measles
Shingles
Chickenpox
Ringworm
Cutaneous mycoses
Tinea pedis
Cutaneous mycoses
Dermatophytes
Cutaneous mycoses
Thrush
Candidiasis
Sporotrichosis
Superficial mycoses
Treated w/isotretinoin (Accutane).
Nodular cystic acne (severe acne)
Swimmer's ear, usually caused by pseudomonads.
Otitis externa
Boils
Furuncles
Idoxuridine is an effective chemotherapeutic treatment.
Herpetic keratitis
Chlamydia-caused disease.
Trachoma
Mycobacterium spp. are the pathogens involved.
Buruli ulcer
Treatment of cystic acne.
Isotretinoin (Accutane)
The location of M protein of streptococci.
Fibrils on cell surface
Causes birth defects.
Teratogenic
Prevention of ophthalmia neonatorum.
Silver nitrate
Scabies
mite
Ringworm of the scalp.
Tinea capitis
First disease deliberately eliminated on earth.
Smallpox
Koplik's spots are diagnostic.
Measles (rubeola)
Athlete's foot.
Tinea pedis
Occasional complication of chickenpox & influenza.
Reyes syndrome
Fungal infection of the nail.
Tinea unguium
The eyes are washed by tears, and the enzyme ______ in tears destroys many bacteria.
lysozyme
If a boil undertakes a more extensive invasion of the surrounding tissue, it is termed a _______.
carbuncle
Streptococcus pyogenes is an example of group A ___ hemolytic streptococci.
beta
The blue-green pus caused by opportunistic infections of burn patients is due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa forming water-soluble __________ pigment.
pyocyamn