Which one of the following is not one of the four main tissue categories?

osseous tissue

The tissue that always has an apical and a basal surface is ________ tissue.

epithelial

Characteristics of epithelia include all of the following except

extracellular matrix.

The junction type that lets neighboring cells exchange small molecules is the

gap junction.

Functions of epithelia include all of the following except

supporting muscle cells.

Epithelial cells that are adapted for absorption usually have ________ at their free surface.

microvilli

A type of intercellular junction that stops materials from crossing an epithelium between cells is called a(n)

tight junction.

Dead skin cells are shed in thin sheets because they are held together by "spots" of proteoglycan reinforced by intermediate filaments. Such strong intercellular connections are called

desmosomes

Epithelial cells exhibit modifications that adapt them for

secretion

Epithelium is connected to underlying connective tissue by

a basement membrane.

Which tissue lines the small intestine and the stomach?

simple columnar epithelium

A layer of glycoproteins that prevents leakage of materials from connective tissues into epithelia is the

clear layer.

Epithelia specialized for providing sensations of smell, taste, sight, equilibrium, and hearing are known as

neuroepithelia

Germinative cells

divide continually to produce new epithelial cells.

In stratified epithelia adapted to resist mechanical forces, which of the following types of cell-to-cell junctions are especially abundant?

desmosomes

Close examination of a healthy organ reveals a lining of several layers of cells. The layers do not contain any blood vessels and one surface of the cells lines the cavity of the organ. This tissue is a type of

epithelium

Examination of a tissue sample reveals groups of cells united by junctional complexes and interlocking membranes. The cells have one free surface and lack blood vessels. The tissue is most likely ________ tissue.

epithelial

Transitional epithelium is found

lining the urinary bladder.

The heart and blood vessels are lined by ________ epithelium.

simple squamous

You would find pseudostratified columnar epithelium lining the

trachea

Which of the following statements about simple epithelia is false?

They cover surfaces subjected to mechanical or chemical stress.

Cells that are flat and thin are classified as

squamous

Mesothelium is to the body cavities as endothelium is to the

heart and blood vessels.

The epithelia that line body cavities and blood vessels are classified as

simple squamous.

Secretions through a duct might provide ________, whereas ductless secretions act as ________.

enzymes; hormones

The two major types of cell layering in epithelia are

simple and stratified.

The epithelium that forms air sacs in the lungs is ________ epithelium.

simple squamous

The function of simple cuboidal epithelium is

absorption and secretion.

The study of cells shed from epithelial surfaces, often for diagnostic purposes, is termed

exfoliative cytology.

The Pap test for cervical cancer utilizes

exfoliative cytology.

Glands that secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid are ________ glands.

endocrine

Cells that are specialized for secretion

exhibit polarity.

Watery perspiration is an example of a(n) ________ secretion.

merocrine

Glands that secrete their product by the bursting of cells are ________ glands.

holocrine

The pancreas produces ________ secretions.

exocrine and endocrine

Unicellular exocrine glands secrete

mucus

A gland formed by cells arranged in a blind pocket with a single unbranched duct would be called

simple alveolar.

Which of the following tissues are classified as "connective tissue proper"?

areolar connective tissue, adipose tissue, fibrocartilage, dense irregular connective tissue

1, 2, and 4

Which cell produces the protein fibers in areolar connective tissue?

fibroblast

Blood is which type of tissue?

connective

The viscous material between cells of areolar connective tissue is called the

ground substance.

Cells that store fat are called

adipocytes

The framework or stroma of organs such as the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes is made up of ________ tissue.

reticular connective

The dominant fiber type in dense connective tissue is

collagen

Each of the following is an example of dense connective tissue except

areolar tissue.

The three categories of connective tissues are

connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissue, and supporting connective tissue.

Two classes of macrophages include

fixed macrophages and free macrophages.

Two types of microphages include

neutrophils and eosinophils.

Tissues that provide strength and support for areas subjected to stresses from many directions are

dense irregular connective tissues.

What type of cell makes up almost half the volume of blood?

erythrocyte

Wharton's jelly is a form of

fibroblasts

________ attach skeletal muscles to bones, and ________ connect one bone to another.

Tendons; ligaments

The three types of protein fibers in connective tissue are

collagen, reticular, and elastic.

The color distinction between white fat and brown fat exists because brown fat

is highly vascular.

Cells that engulf bacteria or cell debris within loose connective tissue are

macrophages

Loose connective tissue functions in all of the following ways except

providing strong connections between muscles and bones.

Antibodies are produced by

plasma cells.

Cells that respond to injury by dividing to assist in connective tissue repair are

mesenchymal cells.

The most common type of cartilage is ________ cartilage.

hyaline

Osseous tissue is also called

bone

Chondroitin sulfate is abundant in the matrix of

cartilage

Which type of connective tissue is found in the trachea and between the ribs and sternum?

hyaline cartilage

Which of the following connective tissue cells produces collagen?

fibroblasts

A tissue with a gel matrix and cells inside lacunae is

cartilage

Cartilage is separated from surrounding tissues by a fibrous

perichondrium

Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to

bone

Damage to a joint cartilage is affecting which type of tissue?

supporting connective tissue

Unlike cartilage, bone

is highly vascular.

Which of the following membranes line cavities that communicate with the exterior of the body?

mucous

The reduction of friction between the parietal and visceral surfaces of an internal cavity is the function of

serous membranes.

The serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity is the

peritoneum.

The term transudate describes fluid associated with

serous membranes.

Microscopic examination of a tissue reveals a loose framework of fibers embedded in a large volume of fluid ground substance and adipocytes and mast cells fibers. This tissue would most likely have come from the

superficial fascia between skin and muscle.

The framework of connective tissue between the skin and underlying muscles is called the

superficial fascia.

Which of the following refers to the dense connective tissue that surrounds a muscle and blends with the tendon?

deep fascia

Tissue that is specialized for contraction is ________ tissue.

muscle

Myosatellite cells are found in association with ________ muscle.

skeletal

Intercalated discs and pacemaker cells are characteristic of ________ tissue.

cardiac muscle

The muscle tissue that shows no striations is ________ muscle.

smooth

Tissue that is specialized for the conduction of electrical impulses is ________ tissue.

neural

All of the following are true of neurons except that

they are a very specialized form of connective tissue.

During an inflammatory response to injury, which of the following is the least likely in the region of the injury?

cold, pale skin

The permanent replacement of normal tissue by fibrous tissue is called

fibrosis

Tissue changes with age include all of the following except

proliferation of epidermal cells.

The study of tissues is called

histology

An epithelial cell can be divided into two functional regions. They are the ________ and the basal surface.

apical

________ are proteins that connect adjacent cells at a gap junction.

Connexins

The epithelium that lines the body cavities is known as

mesothelium.

Gland cells produce

secretions

Which of the following glands have a compound rather than a simple structure?

salivary glands

The process of lactation (milk production) depends on both merocrine and ________ secretion by mammary gland epithelial cells.

apocrine

The viscous component of connective tissue is called

ground substance.

The combination of fibers and ground substance in supporting connective tissues is known as

matrix

The watery fluid component of blood is called

plasma

In areolar connective tissue, ________ cells release histamine.

mast

The three major subdivisions of extracellular fluid found in the body are plasma, interstitial fluid, and

lymph

Interstitial fluid that enters a lymphatic vessel is called

lymph

The three kinds of formed elements in blood are erythrocytes, leukocytes, and

platelets

Lymphocytes can develop into cells that secrete defense proteins against disease. These cells are termed ________, while these proteins are called antibodies.

plasma cells

Defense cells in blood are called white blood cells or

leukocytes

Antiangiogenesis factor is a chemical produced by ________ that blocks the growth of blood vessels.

chondrocytes

A herniated disc is an injury of the pads of cartilage between the vertebrae in which the cartilage bulges from normal position. What type of cartilage is affected?

fibrous

Growth of cartilage by accumulation of matrix around chondrocytes is called ________ growth.

interstitial

In ________ growth, cartilage grows wider or thicker in diameter.

appositional

Epithelia and connective tissues combine to form ________ that cover and protect other structures and tissues in the body.

body membranes

The loose connective tissue component of a mucous membrane is called the

lamina propria.

Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity as a result of liver or kidney disease, malnutrition, or heart failure is known as

ascites

The function of ________ is to propagate electrical signals from one place to another.

neurons

________ support, protect, and nourish nerve cells.

Neuroglia

The body's first tissue response to any injury is

inflammation